Skeletal System

Question 1

study of bones

Answer 1

Osteology

Question 2

2 components of skeletal system:

Answer 2

Organic components - 1/3 or 35%
Inorganic components - 2/3 or 65%

Question 3

functions of skeletal system:

Answer 3

• supports soft parts of the body
• locomotion
• provides framework
• protects vital organs
• defense
• blood formation
• storage of minerals

Question 4

number of bones in:
horse: _________
human adult: _________
human baby: _________
cats: ________
dogs: ________

Answer 4

horse: 205 bones
human adult: 206 bones
human baby: 300 bones
cats: 230 bones
dogs: 319 - 321 bones

Question 5

refers to the hard layer of bone that covers most bones and forms almost the entire shaft

Answer 5

Compact (dense or cortical) bone

Question 6

composed of plate (spicules) arranged to form a porous network usually filled with bone marrow.

Answer 6

Cancellous (spongy) bone

Question 7

denotes the compact bone that forms the shaft of long bones

Answer 7

Cortex

Question 8

space surrounded by the cortex of long bone

Answer 8

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

Question 9

Red marrow

Answer 9

Young animals

Question 10

Yellow marrow

Answer 10

Old animals

Question 11

refers to either extremity of long bone

Answer 11

Epiphysis

Question 12

cylindrical shaft of long bone situated between two epiphysis

Answer 12

Diaphysis

Question 13

(disk or physis) layer of hyaline cartilage that separates the diaphysis and epiphysis within the metaphysis of long bone

Answer 13

Epiphyseal cartilage

Question 14

thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface of a bone

Answer 14

Articular cartilage

Question 15

Articular Projections:

Answer 15

• Trochlea
• Facet

Question 16

pulley-like articular mass found at the distal end of femur

Answer 16

Trochlea

Question 17

relatively flat articular surface

Answer 17

Facet

Question 18

Non-articular Projections:

Answer 18

• Process
• Tuberosity
• Tubercle
• Spine
• Crest
• Neck
• Line
• Glenoid cavity
• Cotyloid cavity
• Notch

Question 19

general term for bony projection

Answer 19

Process

Question 20

relatively non- articular projection

Answer 20

Tuberosity

Question 21

smaller projection

Answer 21

Tubercle

Question 22

maybe a pointed projection

Answer 22

Spine

Question 23

sharp ridge

Answer 23

Crest

Question 24

cylindrical part of a bone to which the head is attached

Answer 24

Neck

Question 25

small ridge or mark on a bone

Answer 25

Line (Linea)

Question 26

shallow articular concavity

Answer 26

Glenoid cavity

Question 27

deep articular concavity

Answer 27

Cotyloid cavity

Question 28

maybe an articular indentation

Answer 28

Notch

Question 29

large non-articular depression

Answer 29

Fossa

Question 30

small non-articular depression

Answer 30

Fovea

Question 31

circumscribe hole in a bone

Answer 31

Foramen

Question 32

tunnel through one or more bone

Answer 32

Canal

Question 33

Long Bones

Answer 33

* Greater in one dimension * Consists of a cylindrical shaft (diaphysis) and two extremities the epiphysis * Levers and aid in support to prehension and locomotion * Ex. - Pectoral limb: humerus, radius, ulna metacarpals - Pelvic limb: Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals and phalanges

Question 34

Short Bones

Answer 34

* Absorb concussion * Cuboid in form * Approximately equal in dimension * No marrow cavity * Interior is composed spongy substance * Exterior is formed by a layer of compact substance * Found in carpus and tarsus

Question 35

Flat Bones

Answer 35

* Relatively thin and expanded into two dimensions * Consist of two plates of compact substances * Separated by spongy material called diploe * Chiefly for the protection of vital organs such as the brain, heart, lungs, and pelvic viscera * Provide large attachment for muscle

Question 36

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 36

* Developed along the course of tendons * Reduced friction of tendons * Change the angle of pull of muscle * The patella of the knee is the largest sesamoid bone

Question 37

Separated by spongy material in short bones

Answer 37

Diploe

Question 38

the largest sesamoid bone

Answer 38

Patella

Question 39

Irregular Bones

Answer 39

Unpaired bones located at the median plane Example: Bones of the Vertebral Column

Question 40

- Contain air spaces or sinuses that communicate with the exterior - Frontal bones and maxillary bones of the skull are examples of this type of bone

Answer 40

Pneumatic Bones

Question 41

5 types of bones:

Answer 41

1. Long bones 2. Short bones 3. Flat bones 4. Sesamoid bones 5. Irregular bones

Question 42

Includes practically all bones except those of the limbs or appendages. Either on the midline

Answer 42

Axial Skeleton

Question 43

Axial skeleton are composed of:

Answer 43

Skull Vertebrae Ribs

Question 44

a formula indicating the number of vertebrae in each segment of the spinal column

Answer 44

Vertebral Formula

Question 45

Vertebral Formula of: Horse - Cow - Sheep - Goat - Pig - Dog - Chicken -

Answer 45

Horse - C7T18L6S5 Cy 15-20 Cow - C7T13L6S5 Cy 18-20 Sheep - C7T18L6-7S4Cy 16-18 Goat - C7T18L7S4 Cy 16-18 Pig - C7T14-15L6-7S4 Cy 20-23 Dog - C7T13L7S3Cy 20-23 Chicken - C14T7LS14S5 Cy 4

Question 46

* Forms the floor of the bony thorax * Gives attachment to the costal cartilages

Answer 46

Sternum and Ribs

Question 47

Sternal ribs

Answer 47

True ribs

Question 48

Asternal ribs (floating)

Answer 48

False ribs

Question 49

Made up of bones of the limbs

Answer 49

Appendicular Skeleton

Question 50

Forelimb (appendicular skeleton):

Answer 50

* Scapula * Humerus * Radius * Ulna * Carpus * Metacarpal * Digits

Question 51

Hindlimb ( Pelvic Limb) / (appendicular skeleton)

Answer 51

* Pelvic Bone * Femur * Tibia and fibula * Tarsus * Metatarsus * Digits