Reproductive System

Question 1

Functions of the Reproductive System

Answer 1

1. Production of gametes
2. Fertilization
3. Development and nourishment of new individuals
4. Production of sex hormones

Question 2

the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced

Answer 2

Reproduction

Question 3

The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types:

Answer 3

Sexual reproduction - involves the fusion of two gametes
Asexual reproduction - involves one parent

Question 4

genetic traits

Answer 4

Genotype

Question 5

physical traits

Answer 5

Phenotype

Question 6

triggers the milk of female

Answer 6

Oxytocin

Question 7

it produce sperm and male sex hormones

Answer 7

Testes

Question 8

it produce eggs and female sex hormone

Answer 8

Ovaries

Question 9

it produce milk

Answer 9

Mammary glands

Question 10

___________ lie outside the body in a pouch of skin called the scrotum, where they can maintain the optimum temperature for sperm production – approximately 5° F, lower than body temperature.

Answer 10

testicles

Question 11

The ________ contains two testes
(testicles) where sperm are manufactured within tubes called seminiferous tubules, and the
two epididymides where sperm are stored.

Answer 11

Scrotum

Question 12

Each testis has a mass of more than 800 tightly
looped and folded vessels known as ___________.

Answer 12

seminiferous tubules

Question 13

Inside each seminiferous tubule, sperm begin as blob-like
cells called ____________ lining the inner wall.

Answer 13

spermatogonia

Question 14

These pass through a larger stage, as
primary spermatocytes, then become smaller as secondary spermatocytes and begin to develop tails as ______.

Answer 14

spermatids

Question 15

Sperm Count

Answer 15

A man will produce roughly 525 billion sperm during his whole lifetime and close to 1 billion per month.

Question 16

A sperm is about _________ long,
but most of this is a tail.

The sperm head is only __________, about the
same size as a red blood cell.

Answer 16

1/500 inch

1/5000 inch

Question 17

_______, also known as seminal fluid, is
much more than just sperm.

Answer 17

Semen

Question 18

_______ is only about 5 to 10% of any given male single ejaculation and the rest is fructose (aka sugar), fatty acids, and proteins to nourish the sperm during their journey.

Answer 18

Sperm

Question 19

The head contains the ________ with densely coiled chromatin fibers (________) and a front section

Answer 19

Nucleus
Chromosomes

Question 20

the ___________ containing enzymes for penetrating the female egg.

Answer 20

Acrosome

Question 21

The internal genitalia include a three-part system of ducts:

Answer 21

• uterine tubes
• uterus
• vagina

Question 22

Fertilized eggs develop inside the ________.

Answer 22

uterus

Question 23

The female reproductive glands (ovaries)
are located within the ________.

Answer 23

abdomen

Question 24

The uterine tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus.

Answer 24

Fallopian tubes or oviducts

Question 25

________ connects with the uterus.

Answer 25

Isthmus

Question 26

the vagina has three core functions:

Answer 26

* it carries menstrual flow outside the body * it receives the male penis during sexual intercourse * it serves as a birth canal during labor

Question 27

During each menstrual cycle, ____________ causes one egg to begin development; this takes place inside a primary follicle.

Answer 27

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 28

A surge of _____________ causes the follicle to rupture and release the ripe egg–this is ovulation.

Answer 28

luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 29

a temporary source of hormones

Answer 29

corpus luteum

Question 30

Note that the egg has 2 layers that the sperm needs to get through:

Answer 30

**Corona Radiata** - irregular surface **Zona Pellucida** - transparent but thicker layer

Question 31

The 23 chromosomes from the sperm pair with 23 chromosomes in the egg, forming a 46- chromosome cell called a ______.

Answer 31

zygote

Question 32

On day 15 after conception, the cells that will form the embryo become an _________. Other cells begin to form support structures.

Answer 32

embryonic disc

Question 33

The ________, on one side of the disc, will become part of the digestive tract.

Answer 33

yolk sac

Question 34

the ______ fills with fluid and surrounds the embryo as it develops.

Answer 34

amnion

Question 35

The fertilized egg passes along the fallopian tube.

Answer 35

zygote

Question 36

The zygote divides several times to form a solid blackberry-like cluster of 16–32 cells

Answer 36

morula

Question 37

About six days after fertilization, the cell cluster forms a hollow cavity called _______

Answer 37

blastocyst

Question 38

Embryonic disc develops three circular sheets called primary germ layers:

Answer 38

* ectoderm * mesoderm * endoderm

Question 39

the earliest recognizable precursors of gametes

Answer 39

Primordial germ cells

Question 40

another hormone secreted by the placenta and placental membranes

Answer 40

Chorionic gonadotrophin

Question 41

a hormone that eases the joint between the two parts of the pelvis and helps dilate the cervix ready for birth

Answer 41

relaxin

Question 42

produced by the foal and placenta, and is only present when there is a living foal.

Answer 42

oestrone sulphate

Question 43

involves waves of uterine contractions that press the foetus against the cervix causing it to dilate.

Answer 43

Labor

Question 44

promotes the secretion of the milk

Answer 44

prolactin

Question 45

The first milk is called ________

Answer 45

colostrum

Question 46

a process of egg cells releasing chemical attractant (progesterone) to attract the sperm

Answer 46

Chemotaxis