Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of skeletal system

Answer 1

1. support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral storage
5. Blood cell formation

Question 2

Framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs

Answer 2

Support

Question 3

Protects internal organs and fragile body parts: heart, lungs, brain, lungs, spinal cord, etc.

Answer 3

Protection

Question 4

bones act as levers for muscles

Answer 4

movement

Question 5

bones acts as a storage for Calcium and Phosphate

Answer 5

Mineral storage

Question 6

is the blood cell production process

Answer 6

“hematopoiesis”

Question 7

2 Regions of long bone

Answer 7

• Diaphysis
• epiphysis

Question 8

*Shaft
* Composed of compact bone

Answer 8

Diaphysis

Question 9

*Ends of the bone
* Composed mostly of spongy bone

Answer 9

Epiphysis

Question 10

Bone cells that aids in remodelling

Answer 10

• Osteoblast
• Osteocyte
• Osteoclast

Question 11

the bone cell that buids a new bone

Answer 11

Osteoblast

Question 12

the mature bone cell

Answer 12

Osteocyte

Question 13

the bone cell that eats bone

disslve and break down old or damaged bone cells

Answer 13

Osteoclasts

Question 14

Changes in the human skeleton

Answer 14

• Embryos: primary hylaine cartilage
• During development: much of this cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 15

In embryos, the skeleton is ___ ___ ___

Answer 15

primarily hyaline cartilage

Question 16

During the development, what happens to the cartilage?

Answer 16

Much of it is replaced by bone

Question 17

Where does cartilage remain?

Answer 17

Isolated areas like;
- Bridge of nose
- Parts of ribs
- Joints

Question 18

by definition, it is the process of bone formation

Answer 18

(Bone) ossification

Question 19

Types of Bone Ossificiation

Answer 19

• Endrochondral ossification
• Intramembranous ossification

Question 20

cartilage to bone

(Process by which growing cartilage is replaced by bone to form growing skeleton)

Answer 20

Endochondral ossification

Question 21

bony structure between the epiphysis and diaphysis)

Answer 21

Epipyseal plate

Question 22

4 regions of epiphyseal plate

Answer 22

1. “resting” cartilage cells
2. Zone of proliferation
3. zone of hypertrophy
4. zone of calcification

Question 23

*Membranous tissue to bone
*In flat bones of the skull

Answer 23

Intramembranous ossification

Question 24

addition on sides of osseous tissue

Answer 24

Appositional growth

Question 25

Growth of intramembranous ossification

Answer 25

- By appositional growth

Question 26

Growth of Endochondral ossification

Answer 26

- By inner expansion

Question 27

a break in a bone

Answer 27

Bone fractures

Question 28

Types of bone fractures

Answer 28

a. Closed (simple) fracture b. Open (compound) fracture

Question 29

break that does not penetrate the skin

Answer 29

Closed (simple) fracture

Question 30

broken bone penetrates through the skin

Answer 30

Open (compound) fracture

Question 31

Common types of fractures

Answer 31

- Comminuted - Compression - Depressed - Impacted - Spiral - Greenstick

Question 32

bone breaks into many fragments - particularly common in the aged (whose bones are more brittle)

Answer 32

Comminuted

Question 33

bone is crushed - common in porous bones

Answer 33

Compression

Question 34

a type of fracture where broken bone portion is pressed inward -typical of a skull fracture

Answer 34

Depressed

Question 35

a type of fracture where broken bone ends are forced into each other - when one attempts to break a fall with outstretched arms

Answer 35

Impacted

Question 36

a type of fracture where ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone - common sport fracture

Answer 36

Spiral

Question 37

a type of fracture where bone breaks incompletely, much in the way a green adults - common in children (bones are more flexible)

Answer 37

Greenstick

Question 38

Stages in the healing of bone fracture

Answer 38

1. Hematoma formation 2. Fibrocartilage callus formation 3. Bony callus formation 4. Bone remodeling

Question 39

Effects of Growth hormones in bones

Answer 39

- Hyposecretion - Hypersecretion

Question 40

Hyposecretion/removal of pituitary gland

Answer 40

results in premature cessation of transformation of chondrocytes to bones in epiphysis

Question 41

Hypersecretion

Answer 41

giantism/acromegaly

Question 42

Effects of Parathormone in bones

Answer 42

Overactivity

Question 43

Effects of Thyroxine in bones

Answer 43

- Defiency in young- delayed/incomplete ossification causes softer bones

Question 44

Effects of estrogen in bones

Answer 44

Stimulate osteblastic activity

Question 45

Head shape and delivery methods

Answer 45

- Cesarean operation (Small pelvic measurements) - Natural delivery (Average pelvic) - Instrumental delivery (placing forceps0

Question 46

Methods of delivery is determined thru?

Answer 46

- Diamter of female pelvis - Size of fetal skull

Question 47

'cesarean operation' no molding( different shape of head)

Answer 47

Small pelvic measurements

Question 48

'natural delivery' head is molded during its passage through birth canal

Answer 48

Average pelvic measurements

Question 49

placing forceps on head and pulling

Answer 49

Instrumental delivery

Question 50

Selected diseases and conditions of the skeletal system

Answer 50

- Arthritis - Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Osteoporosis - Scoliosis - Kyphosis - Lordosis - Herniated Disk

Question 51

Usually affects the joins symmetrically

Answer 51

Arthritis

Question 52

causes tingling and numbness of the thumb, index, and the middle fingers - Due to any condition that causes swelling or a change in position of the tissue within the carpal tunnel

Answer 52

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 53

Means porous bones

Answer 53

Osteporosis

Question 54

is an abnormal curvature of the spine. runs in families More girls have severe scolosis

Answer 54

Scoliosis

Question 55

can occur as a result of developmental problems, arthrotos or osteporosis Development of a hump in spine

Answer 55

Kyphosis

Question 56

Curvature in the back bone, giving a "swayback appearance"

Answer 56

Lordosis

Question 57

Soft inner central portion of intervertebral disk protrudes into vertebral canal and exerts pressure on spinal cord

Answer 57

Herniated Disk

Question 58

Operation/treatment for herniated disk

Answer 58

Laminectomy