Skills ac - memory models Flashcards
(14 cards)
What are the two main memory models
Atkinson and Shriffin’s Multi store model
Craik and Lockhart’s Levels of processing model
What is Atkinson and Shriffin’s multi store model
Short term sensory store - STM - LTM
Short term sensory store requires attention to go to STM, maintenance rehearsal to stay in STM, elaborative rehearsal to go to LTM and retrieval to go back to LTM
What is the short term sensory store of the MSM
Capacity - unlimited
Duration - 1 sec
All info enters the brain and is selectively attended to, important info enters STM and irrelevant info is forgotten
What is the STM of the MSM
Capacity - 7+/-2 (5-9)
Duration - 30 secs (<1 min)
Info from STSS and LTM is brought together. STM can hold info by chunking
What is the LTM of the MSM
Capacity - unlimited
Duration - unlimited
Stores well learned STM skills as motor programmes in LTM. Relevant info can be retrieved back to STM
What are advantages of the MSM
Simplifies the memory process
Explains how those with brain damage may have a dysfunctional memory
What are disadvantages of the MSM
Too simple - does not explain why different forms of info are remembered
Does not prove interaction or distinction between STM and LTM
What is Craik and Lockhart’s levels of processing model (LOPM)
- Structural level
- Phonetic level
- Semantic level
Aims to explain what we do with info rather than how it’s stored, and states info is considered, understood and meaningful.
How much info is considered is known as the depth of processing, and the deeper the trace, the longer the memory trace will last
What is the structural level of the LOPM
Paying attention to what words look like (shallowest form)
What is the phonetic level of the LOPM
Processing words and sounds
What is the semantic level of the LOPM
Considering the actual meaning of words (deepest form)
What are advantages of the LOPM
Explains that we are likely to remember understood info
Explains that the longer we consider info, the more we remember it
What are the disadvantages of the LOPM
Longer time taken to process info does not mean better recall
Difficult to know what ‘deep’ processing involves
Does not take into account individual differences
What are the 6 ways in which memory can be improved
Rehearsal - rehearse tennis serve physically and mentally
Meaningfulness - coach shows that info will improve performance
Association - show new serve as an adaption to old serve
Avoiding overload - coach only gives a few points before match
Organising info - put together small sequences to create one complex sequence
Mental imagery - show a demo so performer can remember more effectively
