skills of life

Question 1

does success in school, as in grades, predict your real world success

Answer 1

no

Question 2

best predictor of real world grades

Answer 2

extracurricular activities

Question 3

what percent of information could the brightest students in school remember

Answer 3

19%

Question 4

most high school students do not give what

Answer 4

quality work

Question 5

what color is mr schmitt and why

Answer 5

blue, because

Question 6

degree of relationship between 2 or more values

Answer 6

correlation

Question 7

variables change in the same direction

Answer 7

positive correlation

Question 8

variables change in opposite direction

Answer 8

negative correlation

Question 9

confusing correlation with causation

Answer 9

disadvantage of correlations research

Question 10

most widely used method in psychology

Answer 10

experimental research

Question 11

advantages of experimental research

Answer 11

permits best control of conditions and provides for most accurate measurement
allows for explanation of causation

Question 12

possible explanation of events to be tested; a testable prediction (if… then…)

Answer 12

hypothesis

Question 13

a carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study

Answer 13

operational definition

Question 14

participants in an experiment

Answer 14

subjects

Question 15

an event, behavior, condition, or characteristic that has two or more values

Answer 15

variables

Question 16

the experiment factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied
stimulus
cause

Answer 16

independent variable

Question 17

the outcome factor; the variables that may change in response to manipulations of the IV
response
effect

Answer 17

dependent variable

Question 18

a variable whose unwanted effect on the DV might be confused with that of the IV
cause serious problems in interpreting outcome of study
if do not control CVs, can’t be sure which variables caused response

Answer 18

confounding variable

Question 19

group of subjects exposed to experimental condition

receive the IV

Answer 19

experimental group

Question 20

comparison group of subjects who are not exposed to the experimental condition
no IV

Answer 20

control group

Question 21

minimizes preexisting differences between groups

Answer 21

random assignment

Question 22

two ways to create groups

Answer 22

match up experimental and control group members in relevant areas
random assignment

Question 23

an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

Answer 23

theory

Question 24

tendency of people who know they are subjects in a study to behave differently than they normally would

Answer 24

participant bias

Question 25

tendency of subjects in some experiments to respond to almost any change

Answer 25

hawthorne effect

Question 26

college students and volunteers

Answer 26

unrepresentative sample

Question 27

tendency of experiments to let their expectancies alter the way they treat their subjects

Answer 27

experimented bias effect

Question 28

tendency of subjects to behave in accordance with expirimenter expectancy; one persons prediction of another’s behavior somehow comes true robert rosenthals experiment

Answer 28

self fulfilling prophecy

Question 29

procedure that controls experimenter and participant bias by preventing experimenters and subjects from knowing which participants have been assigned to particular conditions

Answer 29

double blend technique

Question 30

can the results be generalized

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

important to obtain informed consent and debrief subjects at conclusion of experiment

Answer 31

ethical treatment

Question 32

easier to control potential CVs; can control behavior to a greater extent shorter life spans and reproduce more rapidly research on animals can generate hypothese that are then tested using humans certain procedures not ethically permissible with humans are ethically permissible with animals

Answer 32

advantages of animal subjects

Question 33

researchers must ensure the comfort, health, and humane treatment of animals and minimize infection, illness, and pain

Answer 33

APA ethical standards for treatment of animals

Question 34

what percent of psychologists use animals

Answer 34

5%

Question 35

observe and record behavior in the natural environment | need to be unobtrusive

Answer 35

naturalist observation

Question 36

advantage of naturalistic observation

Answer 36

normal environment= true behavior

Question 37

disadvantages of naturalistic observation

Answer 37

can’t generalize results until investigated | tells what happened but not why

Question 38

obtain objective descriptions of background forces that may have influenced an individuals development

Answer 38

case studies

Question 39

widely used in clinical and counseling psych | obtain info on family background, jone life, neighborhood activities, school experiences, health, work, etc

Answer 39

case studies

Question 40

advantages to case studies

Answer 40

useful as a starting point in understanding and helping an individual one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Question 41

disadvantages to case studies

Answer 41

may not be able to generalize results to others can not determine the particular variables that caused the behavior being studied info obtained may be partial and biased

Question 42

a series of questions to collect info about subjects questionnaire written surveys

Answer 42

surveys

Question 43

advantages to surveys

Answer 43

treat results statistically

Question 44

disadvantages to surveys

Answer 44

dishonesty and social desirability wording effects (how question is asked) effect of social-cultural differences between subjects low percentage of returns unrepresentative sample of total population random sample

Question 45

a sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Answer 45

random sample

Question 46

obtain info through conversation

Answer 46

interviews

Question 47

disadvantages to interviews

Answer 47

personal prejudice of interviewer | difficulty of expressing results in exact terms

Question 48

a formal sample of a persons behavior | interest inventories, attitudes, abilities, intelligence, creativity, personality

Answer 48

psychological tests

Question 49

test is administered and scored in a consistent manner; uses norms-standards used to compare scores

Answer 49

standardization

Question 50

degree to which a test gives consistent results

Answer 50

reliability

Question 51

extent to which a test measured what it is supposed to measure

Answer 51

validity

Question 52

advantages to psychological tests

Answer 52

provides more objective data than previous methods results expressed in statistical terms can compare individual scores with the large group helps make unbiased decisions

Question 53

disadvantages to psychological tests

Answer 53

problems with standardization,reliability, and validity | provides only one source of data- use results with caution

Question 54

systematic examination of collections of letters, manuscripts, video and tape recordings, or other records

Answer 54

archival research

Question 55

advantages to archival research

Answer 55

valuable source of historical info

Question 56

disadvantages to archival research

Answer 56

does not permit definite casual statements about findings

Question 57

where does trivia sometimes show up

Answer 57

archives of the history of american psychology | university of akron