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Psychology- Schmitt > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

science that studies behavior and mental processes of organisms

A

psychology

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2
Q

3 reasons that psychology is considered a science

A

empirical
objective
scientific method

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3
Q

what field did psychology grow out of

A

philosophy

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4
Q

what makes psychology unique from other soft/social/behavior sciences

A

focuses on the individual

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5
Q

who founded the first psychological research lab in 1879

A

wilhelm wundt

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6
Q

which is the largest sub field of psychology

A

clinical

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7
Q

studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders

A

clinical

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8
Q

design and conduct research (often within a specific area/ subfield)

A

experimental

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9
Q

assist people with problems in living

A

counseling

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10
Q

scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another; interested in our interactions with others

A

social

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11
Q

study of individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and acting

A

personality

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12
Q

involved in the assessment of and intervention for children in educational settings

A

school

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13
Q

studies physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span

A

developmental

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14
Q

apply psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in the workplace

A

industrial/ organizational

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15
Q

where are most psycho gusts employed

A

colleges and universities

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16
Q

observe and record behavior in natural environments

unobtrusive

A

naturalistic observation

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17
Q

obtain objective descriptions of background forces that may have influenced an individuals development

A

case studies

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18
Q

senses of questions to collect info about subjects

A

surveys

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19
Q

formal sample of persons behavior

A

psychological tests

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20
Q

MD
psych disorders
drugs

A

psychiatrists

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21
Q

PHD
subfields
no drugs

A

psychologists

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22
Q

possible explanation of events to be tested (if… then)

A

hypothesis

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23
Q

experimental factor that is manipulated

A

independent variable

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24
Q

unwanted effect on DV may be confused with IV

A

confounding variable

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25
group of subjects exposed to experimental condition
experimental group
26
comparison group of subjects who are not exposed to the experimental condition
control group
27
subjects respond to almost any change
hawthorne effect
28
tendency of subjects to behave in accordance with experimenter expectancy
self fulfilling prophecy
29
nature | identical are more psychologically similar (same genetic makeup)
twin studies
30
nature | more similar to biological than adoptive parents
adoption studies
31
study 1 group of subjects over a considerable amount of time
longitudinal method
32
many age groups of subjects (cohorts) | study at same time
cross sectional method
33
concept or framework that acquires and interprets information mental model
schema
34
awareness that objects continue to exist even when they are not perceived
object permanence
35
imagining an action and mentally reversing it
operations
36
pre operational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view
egocentricm
37
grasping concrete analogies
conservation
38
need to develop sense of security (social attachment)
trust vs mistrust
39
independence
autonomy vs shame and doubt
40
spontaneous but social
initiative vs guilt
41
self confidence and competency
industry vs inferiority
42
adolescence (values)
identity vs role confusion
43
personal relationships
intimacy vs isolation
44
concerned with others
generativity vs stagnation
45
presented moral dilemmas to people of different ages | lawrence kohlberg
moral development
46
knowledge or skills
learning
47
response to an inherent stimulus
reflex
48
unlearned behaviors
instinct
49
sequential unfolding of inherited pre dispositions (walking)
maturation
50
form of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response
classical conditioning
51
who discovered classical conditioning
pavlov
52
john watson’s experiment
little albert
53
learning by making mistakes, until you find the correct solution
trial and error
54
who discovered trial and error
thorndike
55
strengthening of SR relationship by following the response with reinforcement
operant conditioning
56
who discovered operant conditioning
skinner
57
reward
positive reinforcement
58
removes negative outcome
negative reinforcement
59
penalty
punishment
60
EC tolman | learning that occurs without the reinforcement of overt behavior
latent learning and cognitive maps
61
wolfgang kohler | relatively sudden perception of relationships that results in the prompt solution of a problem
insight
62
albert bandura | maintained that new behavior is learned primarily through observation and imitation
social learning theory
63
effect if previous learning on later learning earlier learning improved later learning earlier learning makes it harder to learn now
transfer
64
most learners have a preference | one of the senses
sense modality involved
65
practiced together vs separate sessions
massed vs distributed practice
66
studying material beyond point of initial mastery
overlearning
67
artificial aids to learn
mnemonic devices
68
weak theory | forgetting occurs bc memory naturally fades over time
decay theory
69
new memories interfere with ability to remember old memories
retroactive
70
old memories interfere with the ability to remember new memories
proactive
71
unconscious process by which emotionally threatening experiences are unavailable to recall
repression
72
interruption or distortion of the biochemical memory process
ECT
73
most closely associated with memory storage master regulator gatekeeper
hippocampus
74
imagination or original ideas
creativity
75
thought process by which you overcome obstacles to reach a goal
problem solving
76
mental picture we have if something
thinking
77
purposeful mental manipulation of words and images
concept
78
formal system of communication involving symbols and rules for combining them
language
79
certain time during development when an individual can learn a specific behavior most
critical period
80
what does genie reveal about language development
had trouble learning a language
81
language is acquired solely through the process of learning imitation- bandura reinforcement- skinner
learning theory
82
noam chomsky | maintains that infants are born with a predisposition to develop language
biologically predetermined theory

Psychology- Schmitt (9 decks)

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