SPORE FORMING GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI

Question 1

are responsible for the resistance to extreme conditions.

Answer 1

SPORES

Question 2

BACILLUS

O2 Requirement
Catalase
Gas production

Answer 2

Aerobic
Positive
Negative

Question 3

CLOSTRIDIUM

O2 Requirement
Catalase
Gas production

Answer 3

Anaerobic
Negative
Positive

Question 4

Members of the genus Bacillus are metabolically diverse, and some species are______ that grow best at_____

Answer 4

thermophiles

55° C or higher

Question 5

Members of the genus Bacillus are metabolically diverse, and some species are______ that grow best at_____

Answer 5

thermophiles

55° C or higher

Question 6

LARGEST pathogenic bacteria

Also known as “______”

Answer 6

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS

Anthrax Bacillus

Question 7

VIRULENCE FACTOR (Bacillus anthracis)

Answer 7

D-GLUTAMIC ACID CAPSULE

ANTHRAX TOXIN

Question 8

Anthracis virulence factor

This particular isomer of glutamic acid is resistant to_____ by host proteolytic enzymes because it is the “unnatural” form of the amino acid

Answer 8

D-GLUTAMIC ACID CAPSULE

hydrolysis

Question 9

Resistant to hydrolysis
At some point, it can resist proteolytic enzyme produced by our body

NOTE: Although the capsule is necessary for virulence, antibodies against the capsule do not confer immunity

Answer 9

D-GLUTAMIC ACID CAPSULE

Question 10

Each of which individually is nontoxic but which together act synergistically to produce damaging effects.

Answer 10

ANTHRAX TOXIN

Question 11

Anthrax toxin (3)

Answer 11

Protective antigen (PA)

Edema factor (EF)

Lethal factor (LF)

Question 12

Serves as a necessary binding molecule for EF and LF, permitting their attachment to specific receptors on the host cell’s surface

Answer 12

Protective antigen (PA)

Question 13

Is an adenylate cyclase, release of water and electrolytes

Answer 13

Edema factor (EF)

Question 14

is a protease that inhibits protein synthesis.

Answer 14

Lethal factor (LF)

Question 15

PA + EF =
PA + LF =

Answer 15

EDEMA

DEATH

Question 16

DISEASE ASSOCIATION (Bacillus anthracis)

Answer 16

Cutaneous Anthrax

Inhalation Anthrax

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Injectional Anthrax

Question 17

• A small pimple (2 to 3 days after exposure) → eventually ulcerates and dries, forming a depressed black necrotic central area known as an eschar or black eschar.

Answer 17

Cutaneous Anthrax

Question 18

• Also known as_______; is acquired when spores are inhaled into the pulmonary parenchyma.

Answer 18

Inhalation Anthrax

Woolsorter’s disease

Question 19

• Acquired by means of ingestion of the spores.

Most fatal

Answer 19

Gastrointestinal Anthrax

Question 20

If the spores are being ingested, the anthrax spores can affect the_________ (throat, esophagus, stomach, intestine) causing a wide variety of symptoms

Answer 20

upper gastrointestinal tract

Question 21

is characterized by soft tissue infection associated with “skin popping”

Answer 21

Injectional Anthrax

Question 22

• Lack of eschar, severity of disease, and increased mortality rate make this form clinically distinct from the cutaneous form.

Answer 22

Injectional Anthrax

Question 23

Injectional anthrax

First discovered in

Answer 23

Northern Europe

Question 24

Symptoms is somehow similar to that cutaneous anthrax but, there may be infection that is DEEP UNDER the skin or in the muscle where the drug is injected; Can spread throughout the body FASTER and be harder to recognize and treat unlike the cutaneous anthrax which is visible because it is located at the upper part of the skin.

Answer 24

Injectional anthrax

Question 25

TREATMENT (Bacillus anthracis) Most isolates of B. anthracis are______ to penicillin, but______ can occur in the absence of B-lactamase production

Answer 25

SUSCEPTIBLE resistance

Question 26

B-lactam drug - Antibiotic that specifically target the…

Answer 26

cell wall synthesis of the bacteria

Question 27

The CDC recommends that______ or ______ be used for initial intravenous therapy until antimicrobial susceptibility results are known. •_____ - to identify what is the most effective drug against B. anthracis.

Answer 27

ciprofloxacin or doxycycline AST

Question 28

is a large, square ended, gram-positive rod found singly or in chains.

Answer 28

B. anthracis

Question 29

• Gives the appearance of bamboo pole arrangement because of the location of its spore (centrally located)

Answer 29

Anthracis

Question 30

Anthracis Spores can be observed with a SPORE STAIN With this technique, vegetative cells stain ______, and the spores stain_____. However, the color depends on the stains used

Answer 30

red green

Question 31

CULTURE (Bacillus anthracis) • The term_________ has been used to describe the colony morphology of B. anthracis on BAP. Can only be observed on BAP

Answer 31

Medusa head/ beaten egg whites

Question 32

CULTURE (Bacillus anthracis) •________ on MHA with penicillin MHA - usually used on AST (Kirby-Bauer Disk Test)

Answer 32

String of pearls

Question 33

is a relatively common cause of fried rice poisoning and opportunistic infections in susceptible hosts.

Answer 33

• B. cereus

Question 34

• Food poisoning caused by B. cereus takes two forms:

Answer 34

diarrheal & emetic

Question 35

Defecation Meat & Poultry 8-16 hours ***Heat-Labile***

Answer 35

DIARRHEAL TYPE

Question 36

Defecation and Vomiting Most common cause of food poisoning toxin of B. cereus 1-6 hours ***Heat-Stable Enterotoxin***

Answer 36

EMETIC TYPE

Question 37

DIAGNOSIS (Bacillus cereus)

Answer 37

• Culture of suspected food from a food poisoning incident may be done to quantify and isolate B. cereus Count how many bacteria are present on a one gram of food that causes the incident.

Question 38

__________ food poisoning by this organism is confirmed. To confirm the organism as the cause of the disease, viable counts from the stool should also be at least ______

Answer 38

100,000 cereus/gram

Question 39

T or F TREATMENT (Bacillus cereus) Most food poisoning cases caused by B. cereus DO NOT REQUIRE ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT

Answer 39

True

Question 40

B. cereus is_______ to penicillin and all of the other B-lactam antibiotics except for the_____

Answer 40

RESISTANT carbapenems

Question 41

B. cereus Treatment with_____ or ______ with or without an aminoglycoside has been successful.

Answer 41

vancomycin or clindamycin

Question 42

B cereus • Bacillus cereus bacteria stained with_______ to display their flagella.

Answer 42

Leifson dye

Question 43

B anthracis Catalase Lecithinase Motility BAP Hemolysis

Answer 43

Positive Positive Non motile Gamma

Question 44

B cereus Catalase Lecithinase Motility BAP Hemolysis

Answer 44

Positive Positive Motile Beta