SSB End of Lesson 19

Question 1

What is a past participle?

Answer 1

The past participle is a verb form that is essential to the conjugation of compound tenses. Past participles are also often used as adjectives or for the passive voice. In English, past participles end in “-ed” or “-en”: “I’ve already cooked - Ya he cocinado. “I’ve already eaten” - Ya he comido.

Question 2

How do you form a past participle?

Answer 2

The past participle for regular verbs is formed by adding -ado to the stem of -ar verbs or -ido to the stem of -er or -ir verbs.

Question 3

Can past participles be used as adjectives?

Answer 3

Yes, past participles are often used as adjectives. When they do, they agree in number and gender: “The girls are tired” –> Las niñas están cansadas.

Question 4

Translate to Spanish:

I’ve canceled the trip

Answer 4

He cancelado el viaje

canceled - cancelado. This is the past participle of the verb cancelar. Add -ado to the stem of the verb.

Question 5

Translate to Spanish:

Repeat what you have learned

Answer 5

Repite lo que has aprendido

learned - aprendido. This is the past participle of the verb aprender. Add -ido to the stem of the verb.

Question 6

Translate to Spanish:

She’s lived in 12 countries

Answer 6

Ella ha vivido en doce países

lived - vivido (-ir past participle)

Question 7

Translate to Spanish:

We’ve already explained it to her

Answer 7

Ya se lo hemos explicado

explained - explicado (-ar past participle)

Question 8

Translate to Spanish:

You all have not met my friend Alexander?

Answer 8

¿No habéis conocido a mi amigo Alejandro?

met - conocido (-er past participle)

Question 9

Translate to Spanish:

His books have been translated into many languages

Answer 9

Sus libros han sido traducidos a muchos idiomas

translated - traducido (-ir past participle)

Question 10

Translate to Spanish:

When they got back, I had already eaten

Answer 10

Cuando volvieron, yo ya había comido

I had eaten (past perfect) - (yo) había comido. Note that in Spanish compound tenses, the helping verb haber and its participle are never separated.

Question 11

Translate to Spanish:

You had done a lot for them

Answer 11

Tú habías hecho mucho para ellos

you had done (past perfect) - habías hecho

Question 12

Translate to Spanish:

Monica had been happy

Answer 12

Mónica había estado feliz

he/she had been (past perfect) - (él/ella/Ud) había estado

Question 13

Translate to Spanish:

My brother and I had reserved a hotel room

Answer 13

Mi hermano y yo habíamos reservado un cuarto en el hotel

we had reserved (past perfect) - habíamos reservado

Question 14

Translate to Spanish:

You all had aready left when they arrived

Answer 14

Ustedes ya se habían ido cuando llegaron

you had left (past perfect, Spain) - habíais ido

Question 15

Translate to Spanish:

They had sung for the president

Answer 15

Habían cantado para el presidente

they had sung (past perfect) - habían cantado

Question 16

Translate to Spanish:

I had moved to California for a year

Answer 16

Me había mudado a California por un año

I had moved (changed residence) - me había mudado. Recall that mudarse is a reflexive verb, and that the reflexive pronoun should go before the helping verb in compound tenses.

Question 17

Translate to Spanish:

Had you reserved a hotel room before your trip?

Answer 17

¿Habías reservado un cuarto en el hotel antes del viaje?

you had reserved (in a hotel, restaurant) - tú habías reservado

Question 18

Translate to Spanish:

She had bumped into an old friend in Berlin

Answer 18

Ella se había tropezado con un viejo amigo en Berlín

he/she had bumped into (past perfect) - él/ella/Ud se había tropezado con

Question 19

Translate to Spanish:

We had told her everything

Answer 19

Le habíamos contado todo

We had told (past perfect) - nosotros habíamos contado

Question 20

Translate to Spanish:

The teacher had posed a dificult problem to the class

Answer 20

La profesora había propuesto un problema difícil a la clase

she had posed, put forward (past perfect) - ella había propuesto

Question 21

Translate to Spanish:

They had announced the good news before the party

Answer 21

Habían anunciado las buenas noticias antes de la fiesta

they had announced (past perfect) - ellos/ellas/Uds habían anunciado

Question 22

Translate to Spanish:

I had already prepared it beforehand

Answer 22

Ya lo había preparado anteriormente

earlier, beforehand, previously - anteriormente

Question 23

What are irregular past participles?

Answer 23

Some past participles in Spanish are irregular in that they do not end in -ado or -ido. Instead, they have entirely irregular forms: “I’ve already returned the books George lent me” –> Ya he devuelto los libros que Jorge me prestó.

Question 24

Translate to Spanish:

You’ve opened my eyes to the truth

Answer 24

Me has abierto los ojos a la verdad

opened - abierto. Note that this is the irregular past participle of the verb abrir. The form *abrido *does not exsit.

Question 25

# Translate to Spanish: The boy _covers_ the table with a tablecloth

Answer 25

El niño _cubre_ la mesa con un mantel ## Footnote to cover, conceal - *cubrir*

Question 26

# Translate to Spanish: The company has _covered_ all the costs

Answer 26

La empresa ha _cubierto_ todos los costos ## Footnote covered, concealed (irregular past participle) - *cubierto*. The noun *costo* comes from the verb *costar*, "to cost." An alternative is *gasto*, or "expense."

Question 27

# Translate to Spanish: She's _told_ me everything about the trip

Answer 27

Me ha _dicho_ todo sobre el viaje ## Footnote said, told - *dicho*. Note that this is the irregular past participle of the verb *decir*. (The form *decido* does not exist.)

Question 28

# Translate to Spanish: I read the words _written_ on the piece of paper

Answer 28

Leí las palabras _escritas_ en la hoja de papel ## Footnote written - *escrito* (irregular past participle)

Question 29

# Translate to Spanish: I like _to fry_ eggs for breakfast

Answer 29

Me gusta _freír_ huevos para desayuno ## Footnote to fry - *freír*

Question 30

# Translate to Spanish: For breakfast I made _fried_ eggs

Answer 30

Para el desayuno preparé huevos _fritos_ ## Footnote fried - *frito* (irregular past participle)

Question 31

# Translate to Spanish: The homework is well _done_

Answer 31

La tarea está bien _hecha_ ## Footnote made, done - *hecho* (irregular past participle)

Question 32

# Translate to Spanish: Did the machine _print_ your name on the ticket?

Answer 32

¿_Imprimió_ la máquina tu nombre en el boleto? ## Footnote to print - *imprimir*

Question 33

# Translate to Spanish: Your name is _printed_ on the ticket

Answer 33

Tu nombre está _impreso_ en el boleto ## Footnote printed - *impreso* (irregular past participle)

Question 34

# Translate to Spanish: He was sad because his dog had _died_

Answer 34

Estaba triste porque su perro se había _muerto_ ## Footnote dead, deceased - *muerto* (irregular past participle)

Question 35

# Translate to Spanish: I _placed_ your books and pencils on the table

Answer 35

He _puesto_ tus libros y lápices en la mesa ## Footnote put, placed - *puesto* (irregular past participle)

Question 36

# Translate to Spanish: They want _to resolve_ the problem

Answer 36

Quieren _resolver_ el problema ## Footnote to resolve - *resolver*

Question 37

# Translate to Spanish: The problem has been _resolved_

Answer 37

El problema se ha _resuelto_ ## Footnote resolved - *resuelto* (irregular past participle)

Question 38

# Translate to Spanish: All my pencils are _broken_

Answer 38

Todos mis lápices están _rotos_ ## Footnote broken - *roto* (irregular past participle)

Question 39

# Translate to Spanish: Does his work _satisfy_ him?

Answer 39

¿Le _satisface_ su trabajo? ## Footnote to satisfy - *satisfacer*

Question 40

# Translate to Spanish: He's _satisfied_ by the work he's doing.

Answer 40

Está _satisfecho_ del trabajo que está haciendo. ## Footnote satisfied - *satisfecho*

Question 41

# Translate to Spanish: I haven't _seen_ her in a long time

Answer 41

No la he _visto_ en mucho tiempo ## Footnote seen - *visto* (irregular past participle)

Question 42

# Translate to Spanish: The president has _returned_ from Europe

Answer 42

Ha _vuelto_ el presidente desde Europa ## Footnote returned from somewhere - *vuelto* (irregular past participle)

Question 43

# Translate to Spanish: He has already _returned_ the book to me

Answer 43

Ya me ha _devuelto_ el libro ## Footnote returned to someone - *devuelto* (irregular past participle)