Stallion Mgt

Question 1

How are stallions and bulls different?

Answer 1

Stallions are chosen off of performance not fertility

Question 2

Stallions reach puberty when? Sexual maturity?

Answer 2

P; 12-14 mo
S: 4-5 yo

Question 3

What are the two types of artificial vaginas?

Answer 3

Missouri and colorado

Question 4

What things can be controlled during semen collection?

Answer 4

Temp, pressure, lubrication

Question 5

Two ways to collect semen?

Answer 5

Off mare or off phantom

Question 6

What are good sperm handling techniques?

Answer 6

Warmth, protection from light

Question 7

Need a ____ to calculate motility, and a ____ to determine concentration

Answer 7

Microscope
Sperm counter

Question 8

Collection must haves

Answer 8

Consistency, manners, safety

Question 9

What do hobbles help with?

Answer 9

Kicking of mare

Question 10

What things are looked at during semen processing?

Answer 10

Volume, concentration, total sperm number, and progressive motility

Question 11

How is the total sperm number calculated?

Answer 11

Volume x concentration

Question 12

Two ways to get concentration

Answer 12

Blue box (densimeter)
Hemacytometer

Question 13

Inaccuracies of the densemeter (blue box)

Answer 13

Too diluted or too concentrated
Debris
Other cells
No extenders

Question 14

Name 3 cooled semen extenders?

Answer 14

Protein, sugar, antibiotics
Sugars- sucrose, fructose, glucose
Antibiotics- penillion, gentacin, ticarcillin

Question 15

How is sperm categorized?

Answer 15

By defect

Question 16

How to view sperm morphology?

Answer 16

Fixed in buffered formalin
Stain
Count 100 sperm
Oil emersion

Question 17

Cause of abnormal heads?

Answer 17

Testicular issue

Question 18

Cause of abnormal mid piece?

Answer 18

Testicular issue

Question 19

Cause of detached head?

Answer 19

Storage issue

Question 20

Bent tail cause?

Answer 20

Testicular issue or human error

Question 21

Causes of proximal or distal droplets?

Answer 21

Overuse of stallion or one that hasn’t collected in a while

Question 22

Coiled tail cause?

Answer 22

Testicular issue

Question 23

Timing of breeding for live cover/fresh?

Answer 23

48 hours before - 6 hours after ovulation

Question 24

Timing of breeding for cooled semen?

Answer 24

24 (48) hours before- 6 hours after

Question 25

Timing of breeding for frozen semen

Answer 25

12 hours before- 6 hours after

Question 26

How much sperm does the mare need for a standard insemination dose?

Answer 26

500 million progressively motile sperm

Question 27

When shipping how much sperm and why?

Answer 27

1 billion PM sperm since assume 50% motility loss in 24 hours

Question 28

Extend semen to ____sperm/mL

Answer 28

25-50 million

Question 29

Extend semen to ___% seminal plasma

Answer 29

5-20%

Question 30

Must have at least ___ dilution for optimal extension?

Answer 30

1:4

Question 31

Shipping of semen

Answer 31

5 C for temp; overnight or counter to counter

Question 32

What to do when you get the semen?

Answer 32

Want to see at least 500 million PM sperm Warm sample for 15 min for analysis Prep mare Inseimate mare

Question 33

What is the industry standard for frozen stallion PM sperm?

Answer 33

Above 30% (very pitiful still)

Question 34

When using frozen semen what to expect

Answer 34

Shorter lifespan, breeding close to ovulation, lower pregnancy rate 50/50 shot

Question 35

Issues with low libido?

Answer 35

Posssibly not mature enough

Question 36

What is the most common problem in stallions?

Answer 36

Low libido

Question 37

How to help low libido?

Answer 37

Change environment, house them with mares, prolonged teasing, gnRh for a natural testosterone boost, testosterone (last resort)

Question 38

Why is giving testosterone the last resort for a low libido?

Answer 38

Aggression and shuts down the natural production

Question 39

What is a azoospermia?

Answer 39

No sperm in ejaculate, incomplete ejaculation

Question 40

Causes of a azoospermia?

Answer 40

Testicular degeneration, blockage, congenital abnormalities

Question 41

What is urospermia?

Answer 41

Urine in the sperm

Question 42

How is urospermia diagnosed?

Answer 42

Seminal plasma creative (urine test)

Question 43

How to help urospermia?

Answer 43

Urinate before collection Needs imipramine (anti-depressant) PPA

Question 44

What is hemospermia?

Answer 44

Blood in ejaculate

Question 45

Causes of hemospermia?

Answer 45

Penicillin neoplasia, urethral tear,

Question 46

What is oligiospermia?

Answer 46

Low total sperm number

Question 47

How to fix low total sperm number?

Answer 47

Centrifuge to help concentrate Collect them less Manage mare

Question 48

How to treat poor quality sperm?

Answer 48

Time Processing techniques Anti-oxidants Find and correct cause Mare mgt Assisted reproduction