Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pelvis and Abdomen A&P > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

what level does the oesophagus come through the diaphraghm

A

T10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

regions

A

epigastric, umbilical (sometimes), left hypochondriac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where do the omentums hang from

A

greater = greater curvature
lesser = lesser curvature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what happens when the stomach dissents

A

stimuli is sent to the hypothalamus where the hunger centre controls the desire to eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lesser curvature

A

stomach and the liver connected by the hepatic gastro ligament
ascends to attach to the liver
attaches stomach and duodenum to liver
R & L gastric arteries and superior gastric lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

greater curvature

A

stomach to the spleen via gastro-splenic ligament
hangs down attaching to the transverse colon
gastric vessels and inferior gastric LN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

four regions

A

fundus
body
neck
cardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

fundus

A

lies below the diaphragm dome, rounded often filled with gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

body

A

lies below the fundus and above pyloric atrium
makes up 2/3 junction is indicated by the angular notch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pylorus

A

connects to duodenum, pyloric antrium, pyloric canal and sphincter @ T1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cardia

A

reciences GOJ signifies opening @T11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anterior relations

A

diaphragm
intercostal margin
left lobe of liver
gall bladder
ant abdominal wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

right lateral relation

A

duodenum
liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

left lateral relation

A

spleen
diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

posterior relations

A

stomach bed
diaphragm
left adrenal gland
left kidney
spleen
pancreas
splenic artery
AA
splenic flexure of colon
left half of transverse colon
transverse mesocolon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

superior relations

A

oesophagus
diaphragm
left liver lobe

diaphragm presses on the oesophagus preventing regurgitation of gastric contents
inferior oesophageal sphincter marks the transitional point between the oesophagus and stomach
oesophagus joins the cardiac orifice at T11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inferior relations

A

SI
transverse colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what does the pyloric sphincter do

A

control the exit of chyme, when there’s food in the stomach the pylorus contact so that the orifice is small
peristalsis pushes chyme through the pyloric canal into the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gastric juice

A

mineral salts
water = liquidify food
mucus neck cells = protection
chief cells = pepsinogen, breakdown of proteins
parietal cells = HCl promote the action of pepsin, stops salivary amylase, it has an intrinsic factor = absorption of B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

blood supply

A

gastric arteries, branches of the hepatic and splenic arteries
gastric veins (L or R) -> hepatic portal vein -> IVC (drains into portal circulation)

21
Q

nerve supply

A

parasympathetic: vagus nerve
sympathetic: coeliac plexus
vagus = increase in motility, secretion of GJ and peristalsis, increasing digestion rate
coeliac = slowed down digestion, sphincters close, peristalsis reduced

22
Q

lymphatics

A

gastric lymph vessels travel with the arteries along the lesser and greater curvature, lymph drains into the sup and inf gastric nodes
coeliac nodes = infront of AA
cisterna chyli -> thoracic duct -> heart

23
Q

LN

A

coeliac, splenic hilar, porta hepatis, gastroduodenal, supra-pancreatic

24
Q

four layers of stomach

A

outer serous layer
smooth muscle
sub mucous membrane
mucous membrane

25
Q

outer serous layer

A

visceral peritoneum, covers surface not fundus

26
Q

smooth muscle

A

outer = longitudinal
inner = circular muscle fibres
inner incomplete layers of obliquely arranged smooth muscles

27
Q

submuscous membrane

A

loose areolar tissue, connecting membrane with vessels and nerves

28
Q

mucous membrane

A

empty stomach = longitudinal folds aka rugaae
as the stomach fills, the rugae flatten and become smooth
gastric pits extend down
columnar epithelium with large amounts of gastric glands

29
Q

cardiac glands

A

near cardiac orificie secreting mucus

30
Q

body glands

A

secreting gastric juice at the body

31
Q

pyloric glands

A

pyloric antrium, secreting mucus

32
Q

mucus neck cells =

A

mucus

33
Q

parietal cells =

A

HCl

34
Q

chief cells

A

pepsinogen (gastric precursor)

35
Q

enteroendocrine cells

A

gastrin goes into the blood which stimulates the gastric glands to produce gastric juice

36
Q

mechanical digestion

A

peristalsis passes along the body and pyloric antrium
pyloric sphincter closes, constriction of stomach causes churning mixing of the gastric juices
sphincter opens and small amounts pass into the duodenum
mucus from the cardiac, body, fundus and pyloric glands lubricate the food passage and portent against digestive enzymes

37
Q

what hormone does the stomach secrete

A

gastrin

38
Q

chemical digestion

A

gastric juices secreted from the fundus and body gland are initiated by the vagus never as a reflex response to the thought and smell of food
it is increased further by neural stimulation in response to pressure of food and hormone stimulation by gastrin

39
Q

HCl role

A

kills pathogens = protection
vomiting is due to ingesting gastric irritants

40
Q

what function is limited

A

absorption of water, glucose, salts

41
Q

the components of gastric juice

A

HCl acidified stomach contents
pepsinogen -> pepsin (1.5-3.5 optimum)
pepsin initates the break down of proteins into peptones
renin converts caseinogen into insoluble proton casein
intrinsic factor for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum

42
Q

how does the stomach prepare Fe absorption

A

acid solubilises Fe salts, essential for absorption in the SI

43
Q

what happens when the pylorus forces GJ

A

regulation of gastric juices in the duo
chyme is acidified and liquified

44
Q

what are the three secretion phases

A

coeliac
gastric
intestinal

45
Q

coeliac phase

A

parasympathetic stimulation causes secretion before food is reaches the stomach via the vagus nerve, initated by smell, sight or taste
once the nerves stop, the secretions stop
sympathetic stimualtion inhibits gastric activity

46
Q

gastric phase

A

stimulated by food, the enteroendocrine cells in the pylorus and duodenum secrete gastrin, which circulates the blood stream. the glands are stimulated which produces gastric juice, secretions are suppressed when ph falls to 1.5

47
Q

intestinal phase

A

secretin and cholecytoskinin are produced by endocrine cells, in the intestinal mucosa, slowing down GJ secretions, reducing motility
emptying rate slows down allowing chyme to be mixed with bile and pancreatic juice

48
Q

what is the rate of emptying dependent on

A

food type
carbs empty the fastest then proteins then lipids

Pelvis and Abdomen A&P (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions