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Pelvis and Abdomen A&P > Stomach > Flashcards

Stomach Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

what level does the oesophagus come through the diaphraghm

A

T10

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2
Q

regions

A

epigastric, umbilical (sometimes), left hypochondriac

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3
Q

where do the omentums hang from

A

greater = greater curvature
lesser = lesser curvature

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4
Q

what happens when the stomach dissents

A

stimuli is sent to the hypothalamus where the hunger centre controls the desire to eat

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5
Q

lesser curvature

A

stomach and the liver connected by the hepatic gastro ligament
ascends to attach to the liver
attaches stomach and duodenum to liver
R & L gastric arteries and superior gastric lymph nodes

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6
Q

greater curvature

A

stomach to the spleen via gastro-splenic ligament
hangs down attaching to the transverse colon
gastric vessels and inferior gastric LN

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7
Q

four regions

A

fundus
body
neck
cardia

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8
Q

fundus

A

lies below the diaphragm dome, rounded often filled with gas

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9
Q

body

A

lies below the fundus and above pyloric atrium
makes up 2/3 junction is indicated by the angular notch

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10
Q

pylorus

A

connects to duodenum, pyloric antrium, pyloric canal and sphincter @ T1

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11
Q

cardia

A

reciences GOJ signifies opening @T11

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12
Q

anterior relations

A

diaphragm
intercostal margin
left lobe of liver
gall bladder
ant abdominal wall

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13
Q

right lateral relation

A

duodenum
liver

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14
Q

left lateral relation

A

spleen
diaphragm

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15
Q

posterior relations

A

stomach bed
diaphragm
left adrenal gland
left kidney
spleen
pancreas
splenic artery
AA
splenic flexure of colon
left half of transverse colon
transverse mesocolon

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16
Q

superior relations

A

oesophagus
diaphragm
left liver lobe

diaphragm presses on the oesophagus preventing regurgitation of gastric contents
inferior oesophageal sphincter marks the transitional point between the oesophagus and stomach
oesophagus joins the cardiac orifice at T11

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17
Q

inferior relations

A

SI
transverse colon

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18
Q

what does the pyloric sphincter do

A

control the exit of chyme, when there’s food in the stomach the pylorus contact so that the orifice is small
peristalsis pushes chyme through the pyloric canal into the duodenum

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19
Q

gastric juice

A

mineral salts
water = liquidify food
mucus neck cells = protection
chief cells = pepsinogen, breakdown of proteins
parietal cells = HCl promote the action of pepsin, stops salivary amylase, it has an intrinsic factor = absorption of B12

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20
Q

blood supply

Study These Flashcards
A

gastric arteries, branches of the hepatic and splenic arteries
gastric veins (L or R) -> hepatic portal vein -> IVC (drains into portal circulation)

21
Q

nerve supply

Study These Flashcards
A

parasympathetic: vagus nerve
sympathetic: coeliac plexus
vagus = increase in motility, secretion of GJ and peristalsis, increasing digestion rate
coeliac = slowed down digestion, sphincters close, peristalsis reduced

22
Q

lymphatics

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A

gastric lymph vessels travel with the arteries along the lesser and greater curvature, lymph drains into the sup and inf gastric nodes
coeliac nodes = infront of AA
cisterna chyli -> thoracic duct -> heart

23
Q

LN

Study These Flashcards
A

coeliac, splenic hilar, porta hepatis, gastroduodenal, supra-pancreatic

24
Q

four layers of stomach

Study These Flashcards
A

outer serous layer
smooth muscle
sub mucous membrane
mucous membrane

25
outer serous layer
visceral peritoneum, covers surface not fundus
26
smooth muscle
outer = longitudinal inner = circular muscle fibres inner incomplete layers of obliquely arranged smooth muscles
27
submuscous membrane
loose areolar tissue, connecting membrane with vessels and nerves
28
mucous membrane
empty stomach = longitudinal folds aka rugaae as the stomach fills, the rugae flatten and become smooth gastric pits extend down columnar epithelium with large amounts of gastric glands
29
cardiac glands
near cardiac orificie secreting mucus
30
body glands
secreting gastric juice at the body
31
pyloric glands
pyloric antrium, secreting mucus
32
mucus neck cells =
mucus
33
parietal cells =
HCl
34
chief cells
pepsinogen (gastric precursor)
35
enteroendocrine cells
gastrin goes into the blood which stimulates the gastric glands to produce gastric juice
36
mechanical digestion
peristalsis passes along the body and pyloric antrium pyloric sphincter closes, constriction of stomach causes churning mixing of the gastric juices sphincter opens and small amounts pass into the duodenum mucus from the cardiac, body, fundus and pyloric glands lubricate the food passage and portent against digestive enzymes
37
what hormone does the stomach secrete
gastrin
38
chemical digestion
gastric juices secreted from the fundus and body gland are initiated by the vagus never as a reflex response to the thought and smell of food it is increased further by neural stimulation in response to pressure of food and hormone stimulation by gastrin
39
HCl role
kills pathogens = protection vomiting is due to ingesting gastric irritants
40
what function is limited
absorption of water, glucose, salts
41
the components of gastric juice
HCl acidified stomach contents pepsinogen -> pepsin (1.5-3.5 optimum) pepsin initates the break down of proteins into peptones renin converts caseinogen into insoluble proton casein intrinsic factor for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum
42
how does the stomach prepare Fe absorption
acid solubilises Fe salts, essential for absorption in the SI
43
what happens when the pylorus forces GJ
regulation of gastric juices in the duo chyme is acidified and liquified
44
what are the three secretion phases
coeliac gastric intestinal
45
coeliac phase
parasympathetic stimulation causes secretion before food is reaches the stomach via the vagus nerve, initated by smell, sight or taste once the nerves stop, the secretions stop sympathetic stimualtion inhibits gastric activity
46
gastric phase
stimulated by food, the enteroendocrine cells in the pylorus and duodenum secrete gastrin, which circulates the blood stream. the glands are stimulated which produces gastric juice, secretions are suppressed when ph falls to 1.5
47
intestinal phase
secretin and cholecytoskinin are produced by endocrine cells, in the intestinal mucosa, slowing down GJ secretions, reducing motility emptying rate slows down allowing chyme to be mixed with bile and pancreatic juice
48
what is the rate of emptying dependent on
food type carbs empty the fastest then proteins then lipids

Pelvis and Abdomen A&P (12 decks)

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