Stomach - omenta, neurovascular, lymphatic, clinical

Question 1

what are organs covered in within the abdominal cavity?

Answer 1

double layered membrane called periotneum

Question 2

what is the function of the peritoneum?

Answer 2

supports viscera and attaches to abdominal wall

Question 3

what are the greater and lesser omenta?

Answer 3

2 structures that consists of peritoneum which folds over itself (2 peritoneum layers, or 4 membrane layers)

Question 4

what do both omenta attach to?

Answer 4

the stomach

Question 5

where is the greater omentum situated?

Answer 5

hangs down from the greater curvature of the stomach, drapes over the transverse colon and folds back upon itself before reaching the posterior abdominal wall

Question 6

what does the greater omentum feature and contain?

Answer 6

features many lymph nodes, which contains macrophages to help combat infections in the GI tract

Question 7

where is the lesser omentum located?

Answer 7

continuous with peritoneal layers of the stomach and duodenum
the 2 layers combine at the lesser curvature, and ascend to attach to the liver

Question 8

what is the main function of the lesser omentum?

Answer 8

attach the stomach and duodenum to the liver

Question 9

together, what does the greater and lesser omenta do to the abdominal cavity?

Answer 9

divide abdominal cavity into 2: greater and lesser sac

Question 10

where does the stomach lie?

Answer 10

immediately anterior to lesser sac

Question 11

what does the greater and lesser sac communicate via?

Answer 11

epiploic foramen, a hole in the lesser omentum

Question 12

where does the arterial supply to the stomach come from?

Answer 12

celiac trunk and its branches

Question 13

where do anastomoses around the lesser curvature of the stomach form?

Answer 13

along the lesser curvature by the right and left gastric arteries

Question 14

where do anastomoses around the greater curvature of the stomach form?

Answer 14

right and left gastro-omental arteries

Question 15

where is the right gastric artery from?

Answer 15

branch of common hepatic artery, which is a branch of celiac trunk

Question 16

where does left gastric artery arise from?

Answer 16

directly from celiac trunk

Question 17

where does Left gastro-omental artery arise from?

Answer 17

branch of the splenic artery, which arises from the celiac trunk

Question 18

where do the veins of the stomach run?

Answer 18

parallel to the arteries

Question 19

where does the right and left gastric veins drain into?

Answer 19

hepatic portal vein

Question 20

where do the short gastric vein, left and right gastro-omental veins ultimately drain into?

Answer 20

superior mesenteric vein

Question 21

where does the stomach receive innervation from?

Answer 21

autonomic nervous system

Question 22

where does the parasympathetic nerve to the stomach come from?

Answer 22

posterior vagal trunks, derived from the vagus nerve

Question 23

where does the sympathetic nerve to the stomach come from?

Answer 23

from the T6-T9 spinal cord segments pass to the celiac plexus. It also carries some pain transmitting fibres

Question 24

where do the gastric lymphatics travel to reach the stomach?

Answer 24

gastric lymphatic vessels travel with the arteries along the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach

Question 25

where does lymph fluid of the stomach drain into?

Answer 25

gastric and gastro-omental lymph nodes found at the curvatures

Question 26

Where do efferent lymphatic vessels from the gastric & gastro-omental lymph nodes drain connect to? where are they located?

Answer 26

celiac lymph nodes, located on the posterior abdominal wall

Question 27

what is Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease?

Answer 27

a digestive disorder affecting the lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 28

what does gastro-oesophageal reflux disease refer to?

Answer 28

the movement of gastric acid and food into the oesophagus

Question 29

what are symptoms of GORD?

Answer 29

chronic heartburn, dysphagia, and an unpleasant sour taste in the mouth

Question 30

what are the 3 main causes of reflux disease?

Answer 30

1. Dysfunction of the lower oesophageal sphincter
2. Delayed gastric emptying
3. Hiatal hernia

Question 31

what does treatment for GORD involve?

Answer 31

lifestyle changes, medication, and as a last resort, surgery

Question 32

when does hiatus hernia occur?

Answer 32

when a part of the stomach protrudes into the chest through the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm

Question 33

what are the 2 main types of hiatus hernia?

Answer 33

sliding and rolling

Question 34

what is sliding hiatus hernia?

Answer 34

The lower oesophageal sphincter slides superiorly

Question 35

what is a complication of sliding hiatus hernia? why?

Answer 35

Reflux is a common complication, as the diaphragm is no longer reinforcing the sphincter

Question 36

what is rolling hiatus hernia?

Answer 36

The lower oesophageal sphincter remains in place, but a part of the stomach herniates into the chest next to it