Study Guide ch.7

Question 1

The thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 1

Endosteum

Question 2

An example of a flat bone

Answer 2

scapulae

Question 3

The shaft of the long bone

Answer 3

Diaphysis

Question 4

An example of a long bone

Answer 4

Femur

Question 5

the thin layer that cushions jolts and blows

Answer 5

articular cartilage

Question 6

An example of a sesamoid bone

Answer 6

patella

Question 7

An attachment for muscle fibers

Answer 7

Periosteum

Question 8

An example of a short bone

Answer 8

carpal

Question 9

The end of a long bone

Answer 9

epiphysis

Question 10

The tubelike, hollow space in the diaphysis of long bones

Answer 10

medullary cavity

Question 11

An example of an irregular bone

Answer 11

vertebra

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a component of bone matrix?

a) inorganic salts
b) organic matrix
c) collagenous fibers
d) all of the above are components of bone matrix

Answer 12

all of the above are components of bone matrix

Question 13

Small spaces in which bone cells lie are called:

a) lamellae
b) lacunae
c) canaliculi
d) interstitial lamellae

Answer 13

lacunae

Question 14

The basic structural unit of compact bone is:

a) trabeculae
b) cancellous bone
c) osteon
d) none of the above

Answer 14

osteon

Question 15

The cells that produce the organic matrix in bone are:

a) chondrocytes
b) osteoblasts
c) osteocytes
d) osteoclasts

Answer 15

osteoblasts

Question 16

The bones in an adult that contain red marrow include all of the following EXCEPT:

a) ribs
b) tarsals
c) pelvis
d) femur

Answer 16

tarsals

Question 17

Low blood calcium evokes a response from:

a) calcitonin
b) the thyroid
c) parathyroid hormone
d) none of the above

Answer 17

parathyroid hormone

Question 18

True of False

Haversain canals run lengthwise, whereas Volkmanns canals run transverse to the bone

Answer 18

true

Question 19

True or False

Giant, multinucleate cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called osteocytes

Answer 19

false

Question 20

True of False

Bone marrow is found not only in the medullary cavities of certain long bones but also in the spaces of cancellous bone

Answer 20

true

Question 21

True or False

Calcitonin functions to stimulate osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclasta

Answer 21

True

Question 22

True or False

Hematoposis is a term referring to the formation of new haversain systems

Answer 22

False

Question 23

True or False

Yellow marrow is found in almost all of the bones of an infant’s body

Answer 23

False

Question 24

The primary ossification center is located at the:

a) epiphysis
b) diaphysis
c) articular cartilage
d) none of the above

Answer 24

diaphysis

Question 25

The primary purpose of the epiphyseal plate is: a) mending fractures b) enlarging the epiphysis c) providing bone strength d) lengthening long bones

Answer 25

lengthening long bones

Question 26

The epiphyseal plate is composed mostly of: a) chondrocytes b) osteocytes c) osteoclasts d) none of the above

Answer 26

chondrocytes

Question 27

Bone loss normally begins to exceed bone gain between the ages of: a) 30 to 35 years b) 35 to 40 years c) 55 to 60 years d) 65 to 70 years

Answer 27

35 to 40 years

Question 28

The first step to healing a bone fracture is: a) callus formation b) fracture hematoma formation c) alignment of the fracture d) collar formation

Answer 28

fracture hematoma formation

Question 29

True or false | The addition of bone to its outer suface resulting in growth in diameter is called appositonal growth

Answer 29

true

Question 30

True of false | Most bones of the body are formed by intramembranous osification

Answer 30

false

Question 31

Once an individual reaches skeletal maturity, the bones undergo years of metabolic rest

Answer 31

false

Question 32

True or False | Lack of exercise tends to weaken bones through decreased collagen formation and excessive calcium withdrawl

Answer 32

true

Question 33

When bones reach their full length, the epiphyseal plate disappears

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Theh fibrous covering of cartilage is: a) periosteum b) perichondrium c) chondroclast d) none of the above

Answer 34

perichondrium

Question 35

The external ear, epiglottis, and the auditory tube are compsoed of: a) hyaline cartilage b) fibrocartilage c) elastic cartilage d) none of the above

Answer 35

elastic cartilage

Question 36

Vitamin D deficiency can reslut in: a) scurvy b) rickets c) osteochonfroma d) none of the above

Answer 36

rickets

Question 37

True of False | Both bone and carlilage are well vascularized

Answer 37

False

Question 38

The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrocartilage

Answer 38

True

Question 39

The growth of cartilage occurs by both appositional and interstitial growth

Answer 39

True

Question 40

_____________ is a malignant tumor of hyaline cartilage that arises from chondroblasts

Answer 40

Chondrosarcoma

Question 41

_______________ is the most common primary malignant tumor of skeletal tissue

Answer 41

Osteosarcoma

Question 42

__________ is a common bone disease often occuring in a postemenopausal women and manifesting symptoms of porou, brittle, and fragile bones

Answer 42

Osteoporosis

Question 43

_____________ ______________ is also known as osteitis deformans

Answer 43

Paget's disease

Question 44

__________- is a bacterial infection of the bone and marrow tissue

Answer 44

Osteomyelitis

Question 45

There are ______ types of bones

Answer 45

five

Question 46

The _______ ______________ is the hollow area inside the diaphysis of a bone

Answer 46

medullary cavity

Question 47

A thin layer of cartilage covering each epiphysis is the _____________

Answer 47

-articular cartilage

Question 48

The________________ lines the medullary cavity of long bones

Answer 48

endosteum

Question 49

____________ is used to describe the process of blood cell formation

Answer 49

hematopoiesis

Question 50

Blood cell formation is a vital process carried on in___________

Answer 50

red bone marrow

Question 51

The _____________ is a strong fibrous membrane that covers a long bone except at joint surfaces

Answer 51

periosteum

Question 52

Bones may be classified by shpe. THose shapes include____________,_________,_______,______________and__________

Answer 52

Long, short, flat, irregular and sesamoid

Question 53

Bones serve as the major reservoir for_____________, a vital substance required for normal nerve and muscle functions

Answer 53

calcium

Question 54

____________is the most abundant typer of cartilage

Answer 54

hyaline

Question 55

Trabeculae

Answer 55

Needlelike threads of spongy bone

Question 56

Compact

Answer 56

dense bone tissue

Question 57

Spongy

Answer 57

ends of long bones

Question 58

Periosteum

Answer 58

outer covering of bone

Question 59

Cartilage

Answer 59

fibers embedded in a firm gel

Question 60

osteocytes

Answer 60

mature bone cells

Question 61

canaliculi

Answer 61

connect lacunae

Question 62

Lamellae

Answer 62

ring of bone

Question 63

chondrocytes

Answer 63

cartilage cells

Question 64

Haversain System

Answer 64

structural unit of compact bone