Stunning and Slaughter 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Stunning and Slaughter 1 Deck (26)
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1
Q

effectiveness of stunning

A
  • exam question

- learn

2
Q

Restraint methods

A
  • shackes
  • roping
  • box with trap door
  • carried along little conveyer belt
3
Q

Things to consider with pre-slaughter in other countires

A
  • costs

- electricity supply

4
Q

Is restraint good for welfare?

A
  • yes allows more effective stunning

- can overrestrain (esp halal etc.)

5
Q

Considerations for stunning boxes

A
  • no holes at bottom of doors (encourages heads to be put down, more difficult to stun)
  • flooring
  • chains
  • screws and hinges on side of race
  • distractions
  • reflections
6
Q

Stun to bleeding period - aims?

A

Short as poss

- to minimise risk of coming round

7
Q

Stunning methods

A
  • electrical
  • penetrative captive bolt (will kill)
  • non-penetrative captive bolt
  • gas stunning
8
Q

Slaughter methods

A
  • sticking or neck cutting
  • cardiac arrest
  • decpactiation
  • neck dislocation (careful)
  • free bullet
  • maceration (male DOC)
  • free bullet
  • gas stunning (poultry)
9
Q

Euhanasia methods

A
  • lethal injection
  • free bullet
  • penetrative captive bolt AND PITHING (‘fiddling’)
  • anaesthetic inhalation
  • cardion dioxide
  • carbon monoxide
  • neck dislocation
10
Q

4 main forms of stunning

A
  • head only electric stunning
  • percussive stunning
  • electrical waterbath stunning
  • gas stunning
11
Q

captive bolt used for… species?

A
  • cattle mainly
  • sometimes sheep, claves, horses
  • casues severe convulsions in pigs (not used)
  • instantaneous enconciousness and usually irreversible if done correctly (but legally need a killing method aswell as slightly different aim wont kill)
12
Q

Sources of energy in captive bolt guns?

A
  • cartidges

- compressed air

13
Q

do you need a fire arms license to use a captive bolt?

A

NO! (as a vet)

  • other people need slaughtermans licence
  • unless welfare case emergency then can use anything
14
Q

are touch powered (ie non trigger) captive guns easy to use?

A
  • NO high margin for error
  • more powerful than trigger powered
  • slaughter men get good at using
15
Q

are non-penetrative captive bolt used for cattle?

A
  • no
  • even halal now don’t really use
  • can cause damage to animal
  • less effective at stunning
16
Q

Signs of effective captive bolt stun

A
  • immediate collapse with HL flexed
  • tonic
  • immediate loss rhythmic breathing
  • immediate loss corneal and palpebral reflex
  • no eyeball rotation (but eyeball rotation wanted for slaughter without stunning)
  • relaxed jaw and musecle tone
  • no righting reflex (cf. just muscle spasm of head) coordinated limb movement too
  • convulsive kicking (clonic phase)
17
Q

Where should cows and pigs be shot?

A
  • cows cross between eyes and cows
  • pigs between eyes
    > towards tail (aim brainstem)
18
Q

What weight of pig may need a shotgun?

A

> 60-80kg

19
Q

Where should sheep and horses be shot?

A
  • sheep behind horns back of head aim slightly forward
  • non horned slightly more rostral (highest point of the head) aim down
  • horses cross between eyes and ears 2cm above
20
Q

Where should you stand when shooting an animal?

A

Not in front

  • side
  • touching head
21
Q

What can go wrong with captive bolt?

A
  • clogged up
  • don’t clean with water
  • not too much gun oil
  • bolt can split -> projectile
22
Q

RIsks of shooting back of head

A

may miss brain and hit SC -> paralysed but not unconscious

23
Q

Where should head only electrical stunning be directly? What other kind of stunning is available?

A
  • between eyes and ears to go across brain

- head to body inducing cardiac arrest as a kill method available

24
Q

What does electrical stunning cause to induce unconsciousness?

A
  • rapid depolarisation of the membrane -> synchronous activity
  • EEG waveform == grand mal seizure (though they don’t always physciallly seizure)
  • progress to quiet phase of EEG where minimal electrical activity seen
  • may come round again after this phase
25
Q

Duration of unconsciousness induced by head only electrical stunning

A

60-70s, in some cases 30s

  • BLEED QUICK takes 14s to stun from when the neck is cut
26
Q

Which vessels need to be severed in the neck cut?

A

carotids needed to be cut
+ vertebral arteries in cattle
* not just jugular takes 5mins to die from this!!!*
sheep go quicker