System and Equipment malfunction Flashcards
What causes carb ice? What are the first indications? How to eliminate?
vaporized fuel cools causing a sudden cooling of the mixture. The temp drops rapidly and water vapor is squeezed out during this process. It can freeze inside the carb.
You will first experience a loss of RPM.
Apply carb heat. Observe a rise in RPM
Carb ice conditions?
Generally, temps up to 70 degrees F / 21 C. 80% or greater relative humidity. That is not a hard limit of numbers.
Define anti icing and deicing equipment ; give examples
Anti Icing prevents icing from happening on certain surfaces. Pitot heat, carb heat, heated windshields
Deicing removes ice. Pneumatic boots on the wing and tail are an example
What is detonation?
uncontrolled explosive ignition of fuel air mixture within the cylinder.
Causes excessive temp and pressure which if not corrected can lead to failure of the piston, cylinder or valves. Overheating, roughness, or loss of power in less severe cases.
Characterized by high cylinder heat temps. Most likely to happen @ high power settings
Common detonation causes?
Lower fuel grade
high manifold pressure & low RPM
high engine power w/ excessively lean mixture
extended ground operations or steep climbs where cylinder cooling is reduced
How to fix detonation?
proper fuel grade
open cowl flaps
enrich mixture
avoid extended high power steep climbs
monitor engine instruments
What is preignition?
mixture ignites prior to the nomral ignition event/timing. results in reduced power and high temps. caused by a residual hot spot in the combustion chamber
How to fix preignition?
reduce power
reduce climb rate for better cooling
enrich mixture
open cowl flaps if available
Interpret the following ammeter indications
right (positive)
after starting: battery being replenished by alternator or starter is still engaged
in flight: overcharging the battery due to faulty regulator.
Left (negative)
after starting: normal. Could also mean alternator is not functioning and battery is not being charged
in flight: alternator is not functoning or an overload exists.
What to do about an ammeter indicating a continuous discharge?
The alternator has quit producing a charge. First reset the alternator circuit, if that doesn’t help;
a. alternator off; pull the circuit breaker for it
b. all non-essential electrical equip off
c. land
What to do about an ammeter indicating a continuous charge?
The excessive charge will damage the battery. It could explode. Electrical equipment in the plane could be damaged.
a. same as the other one. Alternator off
b. turn off non-essential electrical equip
c. land
During flight, oil pressure is low but temp is normal… you should…
Most commonly this means you need more oil. It could be a clogged pressure relief valve or oil pressure gauge malfunction. Land and check it out
What procedures should be followed concerning a partial loss of power in flight?
First establish and maintain a suitable airspeed, ususally best glide. Select an emergency landing area and remain within gliding distance. Attempt to determin the cause and correct it.
a. check carb heat
b. check fuel gauges
c. fuel selector valve
d. mixture
e. primer is in and locked
f. check magnetoes in all 3 positions
Uh oh, engine fire in flight, now what?
a. mixture to idle/cut off
b. fuel selector valve off
c. master switch off
d. cabin heat and air fents to off, leave overhead vents on
e. establish airspeed of 100knots, dive basically
f. forced landing procedure checklist
Uh oh, engine fire on the ground during starting, now what?
a. continue to try to start engine, it will suck the excess fuel and flames into the carb
If the engine starts
- increase power to a higher RPM for a few min and then shut down the engine
If it doesn’t start
- full throttle
- mixture idle cut off
- continue to try an engine start to put the fire out by vacuum
If fire continues
ignition, master, fuel selector all OFF. GTFO and grab your fire extinguisher…
