TA Final Review Slides: Unit 8

Question 1

Which of the following contains a motor pathway with one neuron going from the CNS to the effector?

A. Parasympathetic Nervous System
B. Sympathetic Nervous System
C. Somatic Nervous System
D. Central Nervous System

Answer 1

C. Somatic Nervous System

Question 2

Where is norepinephrine released between the SNS and the ANS?

A. From the one neuron in the SNS onto the effector

B. From the preganglionic neuron in the sympathetic ANS

C. From the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic ANS

D. From the ganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic ANS

E. From the postganglionic neuron in the parasympathetic ANS

Answer 2

C. From the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic ANS

Question 3

Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The ANS controls voluntary response

B. The parasympathetic nervous system is fight or flight

C. The ANS is regulated by the hypothalamus

D. The SNS includes only motor neurons, no sensory neurons

Answer 3

C. The ANS is regulated by the hypothalamus

Question 4

______ only receives sympathetic nerves.

A. Sweat glands
B. Digestive Organs
C. Adrenal Medulla
D. A and C
E. B and C

Answer 4

D. A and C

Question 5

The sympathetic division is the __________ and the parasympathetic division is the _________.

A. Craniosacral, Thoracolumbar
B. Muscarinic, Adrenergic
C. Thoracolumbar, Craniosacral
D. Autonomic, Somatic
E. Somatic, Autonomic

Answer 5

C. Thoracolumbar, Craniosacral

Question 6

Gq/11 leads to _________.

A. Smooth muscle contraction
B. Inhibition of transmitter release
C. Heart and muscle contraction
D. All the above

Answer 6

A. Smooth muscle contraction

Question 7

In general, drugs that promote the actions of NE or inhibit the mAChRs will cause effects that mimic the activation of the _______ division.

Answer 7

sympathetic

Question 8

Atropine, an antagonist of mAChRs, produces signs of _______ activation, such as ________ the heart rate and ______ of the pupils.

Answer 8

Atropine, an antagonist of mAChRs, produces signs of sympathetic activation, such as increasing the heart rate and dilating the pupils.

Question 9

On the other hand, drugs that inhibit the actions of NE or promote the action of the mAChRs will cause effects that mimic the activation of the ____ division.

Answer 9

parasympathetic

Question 10

Propranolol, an antagonist of the Beta-receptor for NE _____ the heart rate and ____ blood pressure.

Answer 10

Propranolol, an antagonist of the Beta-receptor for NE, decreases the heart rate and lowers blood pressure.

Question 11

Rest and Digest activities include…..

A. Urination
B. Lacrimation
C. Excitement
D. Exercise
E. A and B
F. C and D

Answer 11

E. A and B

Question 12

Which hormones are synthesized by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A. ADH
B. Oxytocin
C. GH
D. TSH
E. ACTH
F. A and B
G. All of the above

Answer 12

F. A and B

Question 13

Which hormone triggers the start of the HPA Axis?

CRH
GH
TRH
Cortisol
ACTH
AnRH
GHRH

Answer 13

CRH

Question 14

Which hormone is released from the pituitary after the start of the HPA Axis?

CRH
GH
TRH
Cortisol
ACTH
AnRH
GHRH

Answer 14

ACTH

Question 15

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex?

CRH
GH
TRH
Cortisol
ACTH
AnRH
GHRH

Answer 15

Cortisol

Question 16

Reinforcement from frequent retrieval of information is known as….

A. Plasticity
B. Memory
C. Memory Consolidation
D. Learning

Answer 16

C. Memory Consolidations: happens over years and acquisition of a short-term memory happens in minutes

Question 17

What are the three parts you can find in the hippocampus?

A. CA3
B. BA2
C. The MTL
D. CA1
E. DG
F. SNn

Answer 17

A. CA3
D. CA1
E. DG

Question 18

Which of these are sub-types of the Nondeclarative memory?

A. Priming
B. Semantic memory
C. Skill Learning
D. A and C
E. A and B
F. B and C

Answer 18

D. A and C

Question 19

H.M.’s case showed that the hippocampus does not encode _______ memory.

A. Episodic
B. Semantic
C. Procedural
D. Declarative

Answer 19

C. Procedural

Question 20

A dog’s tendency to salivate at the sign of their favorite food is known as….

A. Priming
B. Conditioning
C. Skill learning
D. Episodic memory

Answer 20

B. Conditioning

Question 21

Priming is stored in what structure of the brain?

A. Amygdala
B.Hippocampus
C. Striatum
D. Neocortex

Answer 21

D. Neocortex

Question 22

_____ is required for late-phase LTP.

A. New Protein synthesis
B. Phosphorylation
C. Insertion
D. Depolarization

Answer 22

A. New Protein synthesis

Question 23

LTP is to LTD as ______ is to ______.

A. Phosphorylation; Dephosphorylation
B. Dephosphorylation; Phosphorylation
C. Phosphorylation; Transcription
D. Dephosphorylation; Replication

Answer 23

A. Phosphorylation; Dephosphorylation

Calcium can trigger the kinase and phosphatase, activating both LTD and LTP

NMDA receptors and AMP receptors are important for LTP, glutamate binds to these two, without LTP, synapses arent strengthened.