Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Year 2 > Tendon problems > Flashcards

Tendon problems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of tendinopathy?

A

Disease of a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of tendinitis?

A

Inflammation of a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the definition of tendinosis?

A

Chronic tendon injury with cellular damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the definition of tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of the tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the definition of enthesopathy?

A

Inflammation of the tendon origin/insertion into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Structure which anchors muscle to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of collagen composes a tendon?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the predominant cell type of a tendon?

A

Fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the structure of a tendon?

A 
Microfibrils >
Subfibrils >
Fibrils >
Fascicle > 
Endotendon >
Epitendon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which three sources does the blood supply of a tendon come from?

A

Perimyseum
Periosteal insertion
Paratendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which intrinsic factors contribute to the development of tendinopathy?

A 
Age
Gender
Rheumatoid arthritis 
Leg length discrepancy 
Mal-alignment 
Obesity
Pes cavus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which extrinsic factors contribute to the development of tendinopathy?

A 
Trauma
Injury
Steroids
Antibiotics 
Sports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the principle management for most tendinopathies?

A

Rest
Analgesia
Anti-inflammatories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which tendinopathies might warrant injections? What type of injection?

A

Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis)
Golfer’s elbow (medial epicondylitis)
Rotator cuff injuries

Local anaesthetic and cortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which tendinopathy might warrant splinting?

A

Achillies tendinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

On which tendinopathies must injections not be used? Why?

A

Extensor knee mechanism problems
Achillies tendinopathy

Risk of rupture too high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the types of surgical management that may be indicated for certain tendinopathies?

A

Debridement
Decompression
Synovectomy
Tendon transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

For which pathologies might decompression surgery be indicated?

A

Supraspinatus tendonitis

Subacromial depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does synovectomy prevent?

A

Rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

For which pathologies might synovectomy be useful?

A

Extensor tendons of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis

Tibialis posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

For which pathologies might tendon transfer be useful?

A

Tibialis posterior

Extensor pollicus longus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which types of people tend to develop rotator cuff pathology?

A 
Athletes (throwing events)
Manual workers (painters)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does rotator cuff pathology present?

A

Gradually developing achy pain of the shoulder
Difficulty sleeping on affected side
Pain when reaching overhead
Pain when lifting items
Shoulder tenderness (glenohumeral and AC joint)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the clinical findings with rotator cuff impingement?

A

Painful arc
Weakness on resistance tests
Positive impingement tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the four muscles of the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Subscapularis
26
Which is the most common muscle to be affected in rotator cuff pathology?
Supraspinatus
27
How can rotator cuff pathology be managed conservatively?
Rest Physiotherapy Steroid & local anaesthetic injections
28
How can rotator cuff pathology be managed surgically?
Subacromial decompression | Rotator cuff repair
29
What imaging is used in suspected rotator cuff pathology?
USS | MRI
30
What are the mechanisms of biceps tendinopathy?
Overuse Impingement Instability Trauma
31
How does biceps tendinopathy present?
Pain anterior to shoulder radiating to elbow Pain on shoulder and elbow flexion Pain forearm pronation Snapping with shoulder movements
32
What imaging modality is preferred for biceps tendinopathy?
USS
33
Which type of people get biceps tendinopathy?
``` Athletes (throwing events) Manual workers (painters) ```
34
How can biceps tendinopathy be managed?
Conservative | Surgical
35
What are the clinical signs of biceps tendon rupture?
Popeye sign | Extensive bruising
36
What is the biggest risk with biceps tendinopathy?
Neurovascular injury
37
20% of lateral epicondylitis' are bilateral. T/F
True
38
What is the presentation of lateral epicondylitis?
Pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle at origin of forearm extensors Pain worse when stretching muscles
39
What are the investigations used in lateral epicondylitis?
USS MRI Nerve conduction study
40
How is lateral epicondylitis managed?
``` Rest Physiotherapy Activity modification Orthotics Injection Surgery ```
41
What test is positive in lateral epicondylitis?
Mill's test
42
How does medial epicondylitis present?
Medial elbow pain at origin of wrist flexors
43
What is the underlying mechanism which causes epicondylitis?
Repetitive strain
44
Is medial epicondylitis self limiting?
Yes
45
What is medial epicondylitis associated with?
Ulnar neuropathy | Muscle weakness
46
How is medial epicondylitis investigated?
X-ray MRI Nerve conduction study
47
How is medial epicondylitis managed?
``` Rest Physiotherapy Modify activity Orthotics Injection Surgical release ```
48
Which muscles does de quervians tenosynovitis effect?
Abductor pollicus longus | Extensor pollicus brevis
49
How does de quervians tenosynovitis present?
Pain over radial styloid process
50
Which test is positive in de quervians tenosynovitis?
Finklestein's
51
Which imaging modalities are used to identify de quervians tenosynovitis?
USS | X-ray to rule out CMC osteoarthritis
52
How is de quervians tenosynovitis managed?
``` Splinting Rest Physiotherapy Analgesia Injections Surgical decompression ```
53
Who gets de quervians tenosynovitis?
Commonly women over 30
54
What is de quervians tenosynovitis associated with?
Pregnancy | Rheumatoid arthritis
55
Is an extensor knee mechanism rupture partial or complete?
Either
56
What is extensor knee mechanism rupture associated with?
Trauma (running/jumping sports) Antibiotics Steroids Diabetes mellitus
57
What is found on examination with a knee extensor mechanism?
Palpable gap | Inability to straight leg raise
58
What imaging modalities are used to investigate knee extensor mechanism problems?
X-ray USS MRI
59
How are knee extensor mechanisms treated?
Surgical + physiotherapy | Immobilisation + physiotherapy (small tears only)
60
What may be seen on the x-ray of someone with a knee extensor mechanism problem?
Effusion | Patella in the wrong place
61
What is osgood schlatter's disease?
Inflammation of tendon at insertion of patellar tendon into anterior tibial tuberosity
62
Who gets osgood schlatter's disease?
Adolescent active boys
63
What is Sever's disease?
Traction apophysitis at insertion of tibialis anterior into os calcis (tarsal bone)
64
What is traction apophysitis
Inflammation of where tendon attaches to bone due to traction
65
Is calaneal tendon rupture common?
Yes
66
What is the mechanism behind calcaneal tendon rupture?
Sudden force (running, jumping)
67
What is calcaneal tendon rupture associated with?
Rheumatoid arthritis Steroids Tendonitis
68
What are the clinical findings with calcaneal tendon rupture?
Palpable gap Unable to tiptoe stand Bruising
69
Which test is positive in calcaneal tendon rupture?
Simmond's
70
Which imaging modalities are used in calcaneal tendon rupture?
USS | MRI
71
How are calcaneal tendons treated?
Plaster cast | Surgery

Year 2 (72 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions