22

Question 1

units of structure and function of living things

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

study of cells

Answer 2

cytology (cell biology)

Question 3

discovered cells

Answer 3

Robert Hooke

Question 4

states that all living things are composed of living units called cells and of cell products and that all cells come only from preexisting cells

Answer 4

cell theory

Question 5

true or false: the size of an organism depends primarily on the number of its cells, not the size of its cells

Answer 5

true

Question 6

cells used to be regarded as simple bags of amorphous gel or slime called ______

Answer 6

protoplasm

Question 7

organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles

Answer 7

eukaryotes

Question 8

three parts of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 8

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

Question 9

____ percent of cells are water

Answer 9

70

Question 10

thin, flexible barrier of the cell that separates it from the outside environment

Answer 10

cell membrane

Question 11

the cell membrane is composed of ____

Answer 11

phospholipids

Question 12

membrane proteins that allow the cell to pump atoms into or out of the cell to balance it

Answer 12

ion pumps

Question 13

rigid, box-like structure of plant cells

Answer 13

cell wall (only found in plant cells)

Question 14

the working area of the cell

Answer 14

cytoplasm (entire interior of the cell except the nucleus)

Question 15

jelly-like fluid medium of the cell

Answer 15

cytosol (in cytoplasm)

Question 16

diverse “little organs” of the cell that are enclosed within membranes

Answer 16

organelles

Question 17

biological catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction

Answer 17

enzyme

Question 18

internal skeleton of the cell that helps it maintain its shape

Answer 18

cytoskeleton

Question 19

compose the cytoskeleton of the cell; hollow, rod-like filaments composed of a protein called tubulin

Answer 19

microtubules

Question 20

power plant of the cell

Answer 20

mitochondria

Question 21

____ burns carbohydrates and fats and uses the energy to produce ATP

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

space at the core of the mitochondrion

Answer 22

matrix

Question 23

most important molecular machines in a mitochondrion

Answer 23

ATP synthases

Question 24

protein factories in cells that make the proteins

Answer 24

ribosomes

Question 25

membrane network of cells

Answer 25

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 26

1. ER with ribosomes 2. ER without ribosomes

Answer 26

1. rough ER 2. smooth ER

Question 27

structures that serve as the shipping centers of the cell; receive protein from rough ER

Answer 27

Golgi apparatus

Question 28

storage containers that transport proteins to different parts of the cell

Answer 28

vesicle

Question 29

special type of vesicle that functions as a recycling center

Answer 29

lysosome

Question 30

storage containers in the cytoplasm of plant cells

Answer 30

vacuoles

Question 31

center of the cell

Answer 31

nucleus

Question 32

where is DNA found

Answer 32

in the nucleus

Question 33

loosely stored DNA that is more easily accessible

Answer 33

chromatin

Question 34

makes ribosomes

Answer 34

nucleolus (distinct region of the nucleus)

Question 35

the most pressing task that any cell must accomplish is ______

Answer 35

staying alive

Question 36

stable internal environment

Answer 36

homeostasis

Question 37

the primary task of all cells _____

Answer 37

to obtain energy

Question 38

process by which autotrophs transform solar energy to the chemical energy of sugar molecules

Answer 38

photosynthesis

Question 39

process cells use to break down chemical substances, such as glucose, and combine them with oxygen to release energy

Answer 39

cellular respiration

Question 40

energy carrier of the cell

Answer 40

ATP

Question 41

anaerobic respiration

Answer 41

fermentation

Question 42

transport of proteins and nutrients from higher to lower concentration; no energy used

Answer 42

passive transport

Question 43

movement of molecules across the cell membrane from a place of lower concentration to higher concentration; uses energy

Answer 43

active transport

Question 44

process of taking in large substances

Answer 44

endocytosis

Question 45

two methods of endocytosis

Answer 45

phagocytosis ("cell eating"), and pinocytosis ("cell drinking"

Question 46

process that eliminates cellular waste products from the cytoplasm

Answer 46

exocytosis

Question 47

whip-like tails that extend from the cells used to help move

Answer 47

flagella

Question 48

tiny, hair-like projection that extends from the cell membrane

Answer 48

cilia

Question 49

life cycle of a cell

Answer 49

cell cycle

Question 50

DNA molecules

Answer 50

chromosomes

Question 51

cell division

Answer 51

mitosis

Question 52

programmed cell death

Answer 52

apoptosis