Test 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes. Located within the spongy bone
A
Red Bone Marrow
2
Q
Area consisting of thin collagen and fine elastic fibers
A
Papillary Region
3
Q
Found only in the external ear canal, where their secretion combines with sebum and dead epidermal cells to form earwax, or cerumen.
A
Ceruminous Gland
4
Q
The medical specialty dealing with diseases of the skin
A
Dermatology
5
Q
Thin layer of cartilage covering the part of the Epiphysis where the bone forms a joint
A
Articular Cartilage
6
Q
Inadequate calcification of the extracellular bone matrix caused by a vitamin D deficiency in children. Growing bones become soft and easily deformed
A
Rickets
7
Q
Relating to or denoting multicellular glands that release some of their cytoplasm in their secretions, especially the sweat glands associated with hair follicles in the armpits and pubic regions
A
Aprocrine
8
Q
Mid epidermis, 3 - 5 layers of flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis (cell death), dark staining keratohyalin proteins that act as a water/substance barrier. Top most layer with metabolic activities.
A
Stratum Granulosum
9
Q
Epithelial cells whose height are at least four times their width.
Divided into simple (or unilayered), and stratified (or multi-layered). These cells are tall and are arranged like pillars. They are found in the inner lining of the intestine.
A
Columnar Cells
10
Q
Double membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and the abdominal organs
A
Peritoneum
11
Q
Only found in thick skin of fingertips, palms, and sole of feet, 4-6 layers of flattened clear dead plasma membranes
A
Stratum Lucidum
12
Q
Fingerlike protrusions of the dermis into the epidermis
A
Dermal Papilla
13
Q
6 - A thin extracellular layer that consists of two layers which attach and support upper cells to connective tissues
A
Basement Membrane
14
Q
Oil glands of the skin located in the dermal layer of the skin over the entire body, expect for palm of hands and soles of feet
A
Sebaceous Gland
15
Q
Rejection of transplanted tissue as a result of the recipient’s immune system not being able to recognize that the transplanted tissue as “self”
A
Tissue Rejection
16
Q
Relating or applied directly to a part of the body.
Applied to a certain area of the skin and affecting only the area to which it is applied
A
Topical
17
Q
Connective Tissue that contains all three types of fibers, usually arranged in a disorderly fashion (found in the subcutaneous layers of the skin). strength, elasticity and support
A
Areolar Connective Tissue
18
Q
Raised scars, scar forms over injured tissue
A
Keloid Scar
19
Q
Itchy rash caused by an allergic reaction
A
Hives
20
Q
Serous membrane that covers the cavity wall
A
Parietal Layer
21
Q
Cancer of keratinocyte cells
A
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
22
Q
The thin layer of loose fatty connective tissue underlying the skin and binding it to the parts beneath
Adjective for the hypodermis
A
Superficial Fascia/Hypodermis
23
Q
Localized, protective response to tissue injury designed to destroy, dilute, or wall off the infecting agent or injured tissue; characterized by redness, pain, heat, swelling, and sometimes loss of function
A
Inflammation
24
Q
Immature cells of connective tissue; large and flat; produce fibers
A
Fibroblast
25
A nuclear imaging test that helps diagnose and track several types of bone disease
_Bone Scan_
26
"garbage collectors" - develop from monocytes (WBC), irregular shape with short branches for engulfing bacteria and debris by phagocytosis, found in dermis
_Macrophage_
27
Epithelium consisting of several layers of keratin-containing cells in which the surface cells are flattened and scalelike and the deeper cells are polyhedral
_Stratified Epithelium_
28
Saucer-shaped free nerve endings that make contact with tactile epithelial cells in the epidermis and function as touch receptors
_Tactile (Merkel) Disc_
29
Bone shaft or body; long main portion of the bone
_Diaphysis_
30
Series of microscopic fissures in bone without obvious injury
_Stress Fracture_
31
Hollow cavity that contains fatty yellow blood marrow and blood vessels
_Medullary (Marrow) Cavity_
32
Immature, undifferentiated cells that can divide to replace lost or damaged cells
_Stem Cells_
33
The proximal and distal ends of the bone
_Epiphysis_
34
Rings that provide a strong connection between cardiac muscle cells, to prevent tears and leaks in the heart.
_Intercalated Discs_
35
Smooth muscle, extends superficial dermis of the skin to the dermal root around the side of the hair follicle
_Arrector Pili Muscle_
36
Portwine stain caused by a concentration of blood cells
_Hemangioma (Portwine Stain)_
37
Bedsores caused by pressure of bones cutting off blood supply
_Decubitus Ulcer_
38
Of or denoting circles, arcs, or other shapes that share the same center, the larger often completely surrounding the smaller
_Concentric_
39
Surrounds the root of the hair follicle, made up of the external and internal root sheath
_Hair Follicle_
40
A physician who interprets and diagnoses the changes caused by disease in tissues and body fluids
_Pathologist_
41
Part of nervous tissue, the nerve cell, sensitive to stimuli, send electrical signals
_Neuron_
42
Compact keratinized cells that form the hard thin plates found on the distal surfaces of the fingers and toes. Protect the ends of fingers and toes.
_Nail_
43
Affects both the outer and underlying layer of skin. They cause pain, redness, swelling, and blistering.
_Second-Degree Burn_
44
Skin Reaction to an allergen or irritating substance
_Contact Dermatitis_
45
Nerve endings that are sensitive to touch
_Meissner's Corpuscle_
46
Flat cells that look like fish scales.
They make up most of the cells in the outer layer of the skin (the epidermis), the passages of the respiratory and digestive tracts, and the linings of the hollow organs of the body
_Squamous Cells_
47
Microscopic study of the structure of tissues
_Histology_
48
Dendrites of neurons surrounding each hair follicle which is sensitive to touch. Notices when hair is disturbed
_Hair Root Plexus_
49
A condition of porous bones, low bone mass because resorption is faster than deposition and depletes the body of calcium
_Osteoporosis_
50
Portion of the hair deep to the shaft, penetrates into the dermis and subQ.
_Hair Root_
51
A severe burn characterized by destruction of the skin through its deeper layers and possibly into underlying tissues, loss of fluid, and sometimes shock
_Third-Degree Burn_
52
Functions in resorption, the breaking down of bone ECF
_Osteoclast_
53
Mature cartilage cells
_Chondrocyte_
54
Is the hardening of older cells; cytoplasm fills up with a keratin protein and tightly packed cells accumulate in the outer epidermis forming dead cells, which get sloughed off and shed.
_Keratinization_
55
Membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior
_Serous Membrane_
56
Disorder in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues because it can't between what is normal and what is foreign
_Autoimmune Disease_
57
Initiated by osteoblasts. Process of depositing calcium salts and them hardening inthe bone tissue
_Calcification_
58
Grooves found on palm, fingers, and soles where sweat is excreted to skin's surface
_Epidermal Ridges_
59
Serous membrane that covers and adheres to the organs within the cavity
_Visceral Layer_
60
Superficial portion of the hair which projects above the skin.
_Hair Shaft_
61
Unnatural loss of clumps of hair
_Alopecia_
62
Composed of a single layer of cells.
_Simple Epithelium_
63
A type ofepithelium that, though comprising only a single layer of cells, has its cell nuclei positioned in a manner suggestive of stratified epithelia
_Pseudostratified Epithelium_
64
Itchy patch of dry skin
_Psoriasis_
65
Cancer of the epithelial cells such as skin, lining of the lungs, glands, lining of the digestive tract, urinary
_Carcinoma_
66
Contains lipids that help lubricate the skin & minimize water loss
_Sebum_
67
Fractured bone ends are manipulated manually and skin stays intact
_Closed Reduction_
68
The addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bone matrix by osteoblasts
_Bone Deposition_
69
Secrete hormones into the interstitial which diffuse into the bloodstream without a duct
_Endocrine Gland_
70
Abundant along blood vessels - produces histamine, dilates capillaries & increases permeability
_Mast Cell_
71
Body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy. conserves heat, stores energy, pads and protects organs
_Adipose Tissue_
72
Accumulate their secretory products at the apical surface and then pinches off the secretions by exocytosis. EX: secretion of milk ducts in the mammary glands
_Apocrine Gland_
73
Connective tissue made of a fine network of reticular fibers. Found in the stroma of organs, binds smooth muscle tissue cells, removes worn-out cells in spleen and microbes in lymph nodes
_Reticular Connective Tissue_
74
Blood cell production
_Hemopoiesis_
75
_Circumferential_
76
Become red and painful through exposure to the sun
_Burns_
77
Accumulate secretory in the cytosol and releases the secretions as the cell ruptures. EX: sebaceous gland of the skin
_Holocrine Gland_
78
Concentric rings of hard, calcified extracellular matrix found in compact bone
_Lamellae_
79
An examination of tissue removed from a living body to discover the presence, cause, or extent of a disease
_Biopsy_
80
Band of epidermis at the base and sides of the nail plate
_Cuticle_
81
Autosomal-recessive genetic condition with abnormal production of mucus causing obstruction
_Cyst_
82
Any break in a bone
_Fractures_
83
Characterized by or associated with a lack of blood vessels
_Avascular_
84
small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes
_Lacuna_
85
A deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.
_Laceration_
86
Topical cream or patch
_Transdermal Drug Administration_
87
A diffuse scaling of the scalp, often accompanied by itching
_Dandruff_
88
A continuous sheet of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles. Also called the hypodermis
_Subcutaneous Layer_
89
A neoplasm or tumor composed of neuroglial cells, (i.e., cells that provide the supportive structure for neurons).
_Glioma_
90
Involved in phagocytosis, immunity, and allergic reactions
_White Blood Cell (Leukocyte)_
91
The restoration of and injured tissue or organ to normal structure and or function
_Regeneration_
92
The middle primary germ layer that gives rise to connective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles
_Mesoderm_
93
The stopping of a flow of blood
_Hemostasis_
94
Caused by rapid growth of top layer of cells by a virus
_Wart_
95
A fungal infection affecting the skin between the toes. It is a form of ringworm.
_Athlete's Foot_
96
Redness of skin
_Erythema_
97
Contagious skin infection that causes red sores on the face
_Impetigo_
98
A skin inflammation or rash
_Eczema_
99
Composed of a protein, are very tough and resistant to stretching, yet allow some flexibility in tissue. They are found in bone, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
_Collagen Fibers_
100
A slow-growing malignant tumor of the face
_Basal Cell Carcinoma_
101
A surgical operation in which a piece of healthy skin is transplanted to a new site on the body.
A piece of skin transplanted to a new site on the body
_Skin Grafts_
102
Thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
_Endosteum_
103
Found in Stratum Spinosum; React to antigens that cross broken skin & initiate and immune response (associated with immune system- beneficial because it catches bacteria as it enters skin)
_Langerhans Cells_
104
Participate in blood clotting
_Platelet (Thrombocyte)_
105
Part of nervous tissues that does not generate or conduct electric impulses
_Neuroglia_
106
A small patch of light brown color on the skin, often becoming more pronounced through exposure to the sun
_Freckles_
107
Gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
_Yellow Bone Marrow_
108
The half moon at the base of the natural nail
_Lunula_
109
Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone
_Compact Bone_
110
Any bone that develops in and replaces cartilage. The cartilage is partially or entirely destroyed by the process of calcification. The cartilage is then resorbed (reabsorbed), leaving bone in its place.
_Endochondral_
111
Lines that can be extrapolated by connecting linear openings made when a round pin is driven into the skin of a cadaver, resulting from the principal axis of orientation of the subcutaneous connective tissue (collagen) fibers of the dermis; they vary in direction with the region of the body surface
_Lines of Cleavage (Tension Lines)_
112
Free nerve ending that detects pain
_Nociceptor_
113
A primary germ layer of the developing embryo; gives rise to the gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, urethra, and respiratory tract
_Endoderm_
114
Proximal portion of nail plate where cell division occurs causing a growth in nail thickness
_Nail Root_
115
Cutaneous membrane; covers the external surface of the body. The largest organ - consists of epidermis and dermis layers
_Skin_
116
Thick bundles of collagen that extends from the periosteum into the bone ECF matrix
_Perforating (Sharpey's) Fibers_
117
The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of skin and its derivatives
_Ectoderm_
118
Dilates small blood vessels in response to injury or infection
_Histamine_
119
Membrane that lines a body cavity that opens directly to the exterior
_Mucous Membrane_
120
Cell which is composed of keratin
90% of epidermis cells, migrates from lower levels, make keratin, cells are sloughed off
_Keratinocyte_
121
Due to necrosis (tissue death) severe cold exposure
_Frostbite_
122
Nerve endings that are sensitive to pressure.
Oval shaped pressure receptor located in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and consisting of concentric layers of a connective tissue wrapped around the dendrites of a sensory neuron.
_Lamellated (Pacinian) Corpuscle_
123
Fractured bone ends are surgically realigned and held together with plates and screws
_Open Reduction_
124
WBC secrete antibodies that attack foreign substances (immune sys) - found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, salivary glands, spleen and red bone marrow
_Plasma Cell_
125
Skin cancer of a melanocyte
_Malignant Melanoma_
126
Secrete substances into a duct that empties onto the surface of a covering or lining epithelial cell (skin or lumen). These secretions could be harmful if they entered the bloodstream
_Exocrine Gland_
127
Yellow cell color caused by accumulation of bilirubin in blood and tissues, sign of liver failure
_Jaundice_
128
Autoimmune disorder, most common in black American women.
an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms; butterfly-shaped rash across the face.
_Systemic Lupus Erythematosus_
129
Hair like canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal. Where exchange of nutrients between blood and cells occurs
_Canaliculi_
130
Point of contact between plasma membranes of tissue cells
_Cell Junctions_
131
An abnormal joining of tissues by fibrous scar tissue. These may bind or constrict organs, causing decreased flexibility and obstruction, especially in the abdomen
_Adhesions_
132
8% of epidermis cells, produce pigment melanin, contributes to skin color, absorbs damaging UV light
_Melanocyte_
133
Skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria
_Acne_
134
Test to detect cancer, infection and/or inflammation. cells scraped off the apical layer of the cervix and vagina
_Pap Test/Smear_
135
Cancer of the supportive tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and muscle
_Sarcoma_
136
Epithelium consisting of one or more layers of cells of cuboid or polyhedral shape
_Cuboidal Cells_
137
Deepest layer of the epidermis composed of a single layer of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes. contain some stem cells, have large nuclei
_Stratum Basale_
138
Material located between widely spaced cells consisting of protein fibers (collagen, elastin, reticular) and ground substance
_Extracellular Matrix_
139
Perpendicular channels of blood vessels and nerves connecting haversian canals
_Perforating (Volksman's) Canal_
140
Fiber that consists of collagen arranged in fine bundles with a coating of glycoprotein, provide support in the walls of blood vessels and form a network around the cells in some tissues. produced by fibroblasts, thinner than collagen fibers
_Reticular Fibers_
141
Deep to the dermis and deeper tissue that detects the stretching of the skin
_Ruffini Corpuscle_
142
The major embryonic tissues from which the various tissues and organs of the body develop; ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
_Primary Germ Layers_
143
Consists of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
_Blood Tissue_
144
Caused by herpes virus
_Cold Sore_
145
A joining of proteins that fuse together the outer surfaces of adjacent plasma membranes to seal passageways between neighboring cells. Inhibits passage of substances between cells and keeps the contents of these organs from leaking out. Found in the stomach, intestines, and urinary bladder.
_Tight Cell Junction_
146
Whiskers of women
_Hirsutism_
147
deeper thicker connective tissue of the skin; vascular
_Dermis_
148
Growths on the skin that are usually brown or black. occur when melanocytes in the skin grow in a cluster instead of being spread throughout the skin
_Mole_
149
The yellow pigment of the skin
_Carotene_
150
Microscopic unit of compact bone--consisting of mature osteocytes arranged in concentric circles around large blood vessels
_Osteon (Haversian System)_
151
A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together. Provides smooth surfaces for movement at joints, flexibility and support.
_Cartilage_
152
Any of various black, dark brown, reddish brown, or yellow pigments of animal (as in skin and hair).
_Melanin_
153
#4 - the surface of an epithelial cell that faces the body surface, a body cavity, the lumen (interior space of an organ), or a tubular duct
_Apical (Free) Surface_
154
A microscopic tube running the length of the spinal cord in the gray commissue. A circular channel running longitudinally in the center of an osteon of mature compact bone, containing blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves
_Central (Haversian) Canal_
155
Composed of skin and associated structures (hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands).
Protects the body; helps regulate body temperature, eliminates some wastes, helps make vitamin D, stores fats and provides insulation, and detects sensations.
_Integumentary System_
156
Tan, brown spots on skin common with age
_Liver (Age) Spots_
157
Contains periosteum, red and yellow bone marrow, and endosteum
_Bone/Osseous Tissue_
158
Individual bone cell, maintains bone tissue
_Osteocyte_
159
Scrape of skin
_Abrasion_
160
Causes bones to grow in length as chondrocytes divide
_Interstitial Growth_
161
Cell response that monitors division and growth
_Contact Inhibition_
162
Branched, striated fibers, 1 nuclei. gap junctions allow quick conduction of electrical signals
_Cardiac Muscle_
163
Double membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and the lungs
_Pleura_
164
Internal scarring due to overstretching of the skin in which collagen fibers and blood vessels in the dermis are damaged
_Stretch Mark (Stria)_
165
A linkage of two adjacent cells consisting of a system of channelsextending across a gap from one cell to the other, allowing thepassage of ions and small molecules.
_Gap (Cell) Junction_
166
An amorphous gel-like substance surrounding the cells.
Also called extrafibrillar matrix
_Ground Substance_
167
Bracing structures in spongy bone
_Trabecula_
168
The removal of minerals and collagen fibers from the bone matrix by osteoclasts
_Bone Resorption_
169
Fibers nonstriated, small spindle-shaped cell - thick in middle and tapers to the end with 1 nucleus, involuntary for constricting motions
_Smooth Muscle_
170
Pale cell color due to basal constriction lowering amount of blood flow
_Pallor_
171
Modified epithelial cells that secrete a slightly sticky mucus from their apical surface
_Goblet Cells_
172
Connective tissue with large amounts of either collagen fibers (making them strong) or elastic fibers, or both; are typically strong (e.g. bone, cartilage, tendons, etc.)
_Dense Connective Tissue_
173
Layer of Bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone
_Spongy Bone_
174
Change shape from squamous to cuboidal and back - in organs that need to stretch and collapse - urinary bladder and uterus.
_Transitional Cells_
175
Protects and supports the body and organs. Holds organs together, stores fat as energy reserve, provides immunity to disease-causing organisms.
_Connective Tissue_
176
A layer of cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone; the growth plate
_Epiphyseal Plate/Line_
177
A tough, fibrous intracellular protein that helps protect the skin from heat, microbes and chemicals
_Keratin_
178
Transport oxygen to the body cells and remove carbon dioxide from the body cells
_Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte)_
179
A group of similar cells and their intercellular substance joined together to perform a specific function
_Tissue_
180
Superficial to stratum basale, consists of 8-10 layers, superficial layers become more flattened, provides strength and flexibility
_Stratum Spinosum_
181
Region between the Epiphysis and Diaphysis
_Metaphysis_
182
Small hair like protrusions on the cell surface that increases a cells surface area to speed up absorption
_Microvilli_
183
Affect only the outer layer of the skin. They cause pain, redness, and swelling
_First-Degree Burn_
184
Double membrane that lines the heart cavity and the heart
_Pericardium_
185
Fibers that are flexible
Contain rubber-like protein so they can stretch and recoil like rubber bands. Found in skin, lungs, and blood vessel walls- called yellow fibers
_Elastic Fibers_
186
Waxy excretion of the ear
_Cerumen_
187
Degeneration of articular cartilage causing bone to touch bone
_Osteoarthritis_
188
A disease-producing microbe
_Pathogen_
189
Produces the flat bones of the skull and most of the clavicle (collarbone). Such bones develop within a fibrous sheet similar to the dermis of the skin, referred to as dermal bones
_Intramembranous Ossification_
190
Causes bones to widen as cellular matrix is resorpted and deposited on the outer layer of the bone
_Appositional Growth_
191
Autoimmune disease where immune system attacks the cartilage and joint linings
_Rheumatoid Arthritis_
192
Bone formation
_Ossification_
193
An exocrine gland with secretions released from a cell in secretory vesicles via exocytosis. EX: Salivary glands and the pancreas
_Eccrine Gland_
194
Relating to or denoting multicellular glands that do not lose cytoplasm in their secretions, especially the sweat glands found widely distributed on the skin
_Eccrine_
195
Covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs, cavities, and ducts. They also form glands.
It is made up of cells closely packed and ranged in one or more layers and are packed tightly together, with almost no intercellular spaces and only a small amount of intercellular substance.
_Epithelial Tissue/Epithelium_
196
Blue cell color due to lack of oxygenated blood
_Cyanosis_
197
Separation of epidermis and dermis with a build up of interstitial fluid caused by friction
_Blister_
198
Sweat glands; release sweat into hair follicles or the skin surface through pores
_Sudoriferous Gland_
199
Forms bone ECF
_Osteoblast_
200
A condition in which white patches develop on the skin
_Vitiligo_
201
#2 - The surface of an epithelial cell that is opposite the Apical Surface. Adhere to other cells an to extracellular materials
_Basal Surface_
202
Thick skin, thin flat cells layered like scales, no nucleus or organelles. Cells are continually shed and replaced and friction increases cell production.
_Stratum Corneum_
203
Inherited. defect in fibrillin gene. Abnormal elastic fibers causes problems in areas with high concentration of elastic fibers: aorta, skin, ligaments, suspensory ligaments of the lens- aortic ruptures/aneurism(elastic replaced by weaker proteoglycans), rupture lens of eye.
_Marfan's Syndrome_
204
The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue
_Bone Remodeling_
205
Abnormal, nonpathological, partial, or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes
_Albinism_
206
Cellular build up of stratum corneum due to friction
_Callus_
207
Bone covering essential for growth, repair, and nutrition. Made of connective tissue, osteogenic cells and osteoblasts
_Periosteum_
208
Long, cylindrical, striated fibers, multi nuclei, voluntary muscle for motion, posture, heat production and protection
_Skeletal (Striated) Muscle_
209
Solid build up of cells caused by friction usually on toes, painful
_Corn_
210
Fat cell, derived from a fibroblast
_Adipocyte_
211
Attached to the subQ layer. Consists of bundles of thick collagen fibers, scattered fibroblasts and macrophages
_Reticular Region_
