Test 4: Chapter 16

Question 1

A free nerve ending that detects painful stimuli

Answer 1

Nociceptor

Question 2

Sensory receptor that detects the presence of a specific chemical

Answer 2

Chemoreceptor

Question 3

A condition characterized by an extreme tendency to fall asleep whenever in relaxing surroundings.

Answer 3

Narcolepsy

Question 4

A state of wakefulness in which an individual is fully alert, aware and oriented, partly as a result of feedback between the cerebral cortex and reticular activating system

Answer 4

Consciousness

Question 5

A drug-induced state in which the CNS nerve impulses are altered to reduce pain and other sensations throughout the entire body. It normally involves complete loss of consciousness and depression of normal respiratory drive.

Answer 5

General Anesthesia

Question 6

Sensory receptor located in blood vessels and viscera that provides information about the body’s internal environment

Answer 6

Interoceptor/Viscroceptor

Question 7

Any stress that changes a controlled condition; any change in the internal or external environment that excites a sensory receptor, a neuron, or a muscle fiber

Answer 7

Stimulus

Question 8

The capacity for holding a small amount of information in mind in an active, readily available state for a short period of time

Answer 8

Short-Term Memory

Question 9

Pain relief; absence of the sensation of pain

Answer 9

Analgesia

Question 10

A lack or loss of memory

Answer 10

Amnesia

Question 11

A hereditary disorder with mental and physical deterioration leading to death. Although characterized as an “adult-onset” disease, it can affect children as well

Answer 11

Huntington Disease

Question 12

The interpretation of a stimulus

Answer 12

Perception

Question 13

Pain from the skin, muscles, joints, tendons, and fascia.

Answer 13

Somatic Pain

Question 14

Sensory receptor that detects changes in temperature

Answer 14

Thermoreceptor

Question 15

Not felt in the deeper tissues, sharp pain, a knife cut, skin burn, or pin prick

Answer 15

Fast (Acute) Pain

Question 16

A sensory receptor adapted for the reception of stimuli from outside the body

Answer 16

Exteroceptor

Answer 17

Acupuncture

Question 18

Process whereby a receptor no longer sends an action potential because stimulus intensity stays the same or diminishes. Temperature, taste, and smell adapt quickly. Osmoregulators, pain, an chemical intro receptors adapt slowly.

Answer 18

Adaptation

Question 19

Rapid eye movement, dreaming occurs, most motor neurons inhibited, EEG is similar to an awake person.

Answer 19

REM Sleep

Question 20

A chronic bacterial disease that is contracted chiefly by infection during sexual intercourse, but also congenitally by infection of a developing fetus

STD that if not treated may go to the brain, and will go insane

Answer 20

Syphilis

Question 21

Conducts the impulse from the brainstem- spinal cord to the thalamus (Always ends in the thalamus)

Interneuron, spinal cord or medulla to thalamus

Answer 21

Second-Order Neurons

Question 22

A network of dendrites arranged around the root of a hair as free or naked nerve endings that are stimulated when a hair shaft is moved

Answer 22

Hair Root Plexus

Question 23

a state of awareness of external or internal conditions of the body

Answer 23

Senstaion

Question 24

Sensory receptor that detects mechanical deformation of the receptor itself or adjacent cells; stimuli so detected include those related to touch, pressure, vibration, proprioception, hearin, equilibrium, and blood pressure

Answer 24

Mechanoreceptor

Question 25

A portion of the reticular formation that has many ascending connections with the cerebral cortex; when this area of the brain stem is active, nerve impulses pass to the thalamus and widespread areas of the cerebral cortex, resulting in generalized alertness or arousal from sleep

Answer 25

_Reticular Activating System_

Question 26

The pattern of biological activity on a twenty four hour cycle, such as the sleep-wake cycle

Answer 26

_Circadian Rhythm_

Question 27

Pain from visceral organs. Such as kidney stones, gall stones, or bowel blockage Pain that results from the activation of nociceptors of the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal viscera

Answer 27

_Visceral Pain_

Question 28

A sensory receptor for touch; found in dermal papillae, especially in the pams and soles. Also called a Meissner corpuscle

Answer 28

_Corpuscles of Touch_

Question 29

Habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep.

Answer 29

_Insomnia_

Question 30

Conducts nerve impulses from the thalamus to the primary somatosensory area

Answer 30

_Third Order Neurons_

Question 31

A system for permanently storing, managing, and retrieving information for later use

Answer 31

_Long-Term Memory_

Question 32

An encapsulated proprioceptor in a skeletal muscle, consisting of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers and nerve endings; stimulated by changes in length or tension of muscle fibers

Answer 32

_Muscle Spindles_

Question 33

Achieved by injecting a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space through a lumbar puncture causing sensory, motor, and autonomtic blockage. e.g., lower abdomen, perineum, and legs. Hypotension, headache and urine retention may occur.

Answer 33

_Spinal Anesthesia_

Question 34

An impression of a vivid sensation (especially a visual image) retained after the stimulus has ceased.

Answer 34

_Afterimage_

Question 35

A specialized cell or a distal portion of a neuron that responds to a specific sensory modality, such as a touch, pressure, cold, light, or sound, and converts it to an electrical signal. A specific molecule or cluster of moelcules that recognizes and binds a particular ligand

Answer 35

_Receptor/Sense Organ_

Question 36

A sensation experienced by someone who has had a limb amputated that the limb is still there.

Answer 36

_Phantom Pain_

Question 37

Conduct impulses from receptors of the skin and from proprioceptors (receptors located in a join, muscle or tendon) to the spinal cord or brain stem Sensory neuron, receptor to spinal cord or medulla

Answer 37

_First-Order Neurons_

Question 38

The ability to recall thoughts; commonly classified as short-term and long-term

Answer 38

_Memory_

Question 39

Oval-shaped pressure receptor located in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and consisting of concentric layers of a connective tissue wrapped around the dendrites of a sensory neuron. Also called a pacinian corpuscle

Answer 39

_Lamellated Corpuscles_

Question 40

Away from the surface of the body or an organ

Answer 40

_Deep_

Question 41

A proprioceptive receptor, sensitive to changes in muscle tension and force of contraction, found chiefly near the junctions of tendons and muscles. Also called a golgi tendon organ

Answer 41

_Tendon Organs_

Question 42

Brings information from the body's periphery toward the brain. They function as cutaneous receptors that respond to temp, pain, itch, and hair follicle movement

Answer 42

_Free Nerve Ending_

Question 43

A state of deep unconsciousness that lasts for a prolonged or indefinite period, caused especially by severe injury or illness

Answer 43

_Coma_

Question 44

Dreamless sleep. The brain waves on the EEG recording are typically slow and of high voltage, the breathing and heart rate are slow and regular, the blood pressure is low, and the sleeper is relatively still. Divided into 4 stages of increasing depth leading to the other stage of sleep

Answer 44

_Non REM Sleep_

Question 45

Receptor that detects light shinning on the retina of the eye

Answer 45

_Photoreceptor_

Question 46

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

Answer 46

_Sleep Apnea_

Question 47

A receptor located in muscles, tendons, joints, or the internal ear that provides information about body position and movements. Also called a visceroceptor

Answer 47

_Proprioceptor_

Question 48

The ability to acquire new information or skills through instruction or experience

Answer 48

_Learning_

Question 49

Pain felt in the deeper tissues, chronic and throbbing, a tooth ache or skin bruise

Answer 49

_Slow (Chronic) Pain_

Question 50

The loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury.

Answer 50

_Paralysis_

Question 51

Generally result from stimulation of tactile receptors in deeper tissues and are longer lasting and have less variation in intensity than touch sensations; pressure is a sustained sensation that is felt over a larger area than touch.

Answer 51

_Pressure Sensations_

Question 52

An end organ of certain sensory neurons that branches out parallel tothe skin and responds to steady pressure.

Answer 52

_Ruffini Corpuscle_

Question 53

A condition caused by brain damage around the time of birth and marked by lack of muscle control and paralysis especially in the limbs

Answer 53

_Cerebral Palsy_

Question 54

Progressive degeneration of the basal nuclei and substantia nigra of the cerebrum resulting in decreased production of dopamine that leads to tremor, slowing of voluntary movements, and muscle weakness

Answer 54

_Parkinson's Disease_

Question 55

Sensations that arise in the skin including touch, pressure, vibration and tickling.

Answer 55

_Tactile Sensations_

Question 56

Located on or near the surface of the body or an organ. Also called external

Answer 56

_Superficial_

Question 57

Sensations that arise in the skin including touch, pressure, vibration and tickling.

Answer 57

_Cutaneous Sensation_

Question 58

A proprioceptive receptor located in a joint, stimulated by joint movement

Answer 58

_Joint Kinesthetic Receptors_

Answer 59

_Engram_

Question 60

A technique for treating certain painful condition and for producing regional anesthesia by passing long, thin needles through the skin to specific points.

Answer 60

_Tremor_

Question 61

Pain that is felt at a site remote from the place of origin

Answer 61

_Referred Pain_

Question 62

Saucer-shaped free nerve endings that make contact with tactile epithelial cells in the epidermis and function as touch receptors. Also called a Merkel disc

Answer 62

_Tactile Discs_