Test 4: Chapter 14

Question 1

Controls the autonomic nervous system. Relays information between the CNS and endocrine system. Monitors blood substances. No blood -brain barrier. Involved in hunger, thirst, sex drives, temperature regulation, & maintain sleep cycle.

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

State of rapid eye movement sleep, hypnosis, lucid dreaming and the barely conscious state just before sleeping and just after waking

Answer 2

Theta Waves

Question 3

A brain structure responsible for the perception of taste. It consists of two substructures: the anterior insula on the insular lobe and the frontal operculum on the inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe.

Answer 3

Primary Gustatory Area

Question 4

A barrier located at the tight junctions that surround and connect the cuboidal epithelial cells on the surface of the choroid plexus

Answer 4

Blood CSF Barrier

Question 5

Hemisphere that is more involved in reasoning; number & logical skills, written & spoken language. usually contains Wernicke and Broca area

Answer 5

Left Hemispheres

Question 6

Each of the paired lobes of the brain lying immediately behind the forehead, including areas concerned with behavior, learning, personality, and voluntary movement

Answer 6

Frontal Lobe

Question 7

A region of the cerebral cortex concerned with the interpretation of sensory impulses

Answer 7

Sensory Area

Question 8

A network of small groups of neuronal cell bodies scattered among bundles of axons beginning in the medulla oblongata and extending superiorly through the central part of the brain stem

Answer 8

Reticular Formation

Question 9

The folds of the cerebral cortex of the brain

Answer 9

Gyri

Question 10

A barrier consisting of specialized brain capillaries and astrocytes that prevents the passage of materials from the blood to the cerebrospinal fluid and brain

Answer 10

Blood Brain Barrier

Question 11

A network of capillaries located in the roof of each of the four ventricles of the brain; ependymal cells around this point produce cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 11

Choroid Plexus

Question 12

A life-threatening metabolic disorder in young children, of uncertain cause but sometimes precipitated by aspirin and involving encephalitis and liver failure.

Answer 12

Reye’s Syndrome

Question 13

A graphical record of electrical activity of the brain

Answer 13

Electroencephalogram

Question 14

A cavity in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid. An inferior chamber of the heart

Answer 14

Ventricles

Question 15

A state of sluggishness, inactivity, and apathy

Answer 15

Lethargy

Question 16

Rythmic waves and have a higher frequency; occur when we are mentally alert, thinking, brain is active or during REM sleep

Answer 16

Beta Waves

Question 17

The part of the brain lying posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons; governs balance and coordinates skilled movements

Answer 17

Cerebellum

Question 18

A pointed or cone shaped structure. One of two roughly triangular structures on the anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata composed of the largest motor tracts that run from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. A triangular structure in the renal medulla

Answer 18

Pyramids

Question 19

One of twellve pairs of nerves that leave the brain; pass through foramina in the skill; and supply sensory and motor neurons to the head, neck, and part of the trunk, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen. Each is designated by a roman numeral and name

Answer 19

Cranial Nerves

Question 20

The part of the brain stem that forms a “bridge” between the medulla oblongata and the midbrain, anterior to the cerebellum

Answer 20

Pons

Question 21

A groove of depression between parts, especially between the convolutions of the brain

Answer 21

Sulci/Sulcus

Question 22

Part of the human brain responsible for the regulation of the rate at which the heart beats through the nervous and endocrine systems. It is found in the medulla

Answer 22

Cardiac Center

Question 23

A sudden attack of weakness or paralysis that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted

Answer 23

Stroke

Question 24

In the Occipital Lobe, nerve impulses from photoreceptors in the retina of the eyes and constructs images

Answer 24

Primary Visual Area

Question 25

Collection of cell bodies in the medulla oblongata of the brain that regulates or modulates blood pressure and cardiac function

Answer 25

_Vasomotor Central_

Question 26

Aggregations or bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons located in the brain and spinal cord The paler tissue of the brain and spinal cord, consisting mainly of nerve fibers with their myelin sheaths.

Answer 26

_White Matter_

Question 27

In each hemisphere, separates the frontal and parietal lobes Fold, in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates

Answer 27

_Central Sulcus_

Question 28

The portion of the brain immediately superior to the spinal cord, made up of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

Answer 28

_Brain Stem_

Question 29

A fluid produced by ependymal cells that cover choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain; the fluid circulates in the ventricles, the central canal, and the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord

Answer 29

_Cerebrospinal Fluid_

Question 30

Hemisphere involved in musical and artistic abilities, pattern recognition, knowing faces, understanding the emotional content of language and visualizing descriptions

Answer 30

_Right Hemisphere_

Question 31

Part of the Medulla Oblongata where nerve tracks cross over. Crossing of 90% of the axons in the large motor tracts to opposite sides in the medullary pyramids

Answer 31

_Decussation of Pyramids_

Question 32

In the Temporal lobe, receives impulses from ears and interprets basic sounds - pitch & rhythm

Answer 32

_Primary Auditory Area_

Question 33

The region of the cerebral cortex that governs muscular movement, particularly the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe

Answer 33

_Motor Area_

Question 34

The great commissure of the brain between the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 34

_Corpus Callosum_

Question 35

An area of the midbrain that is involved in motor control and contains a large concentration of dopamine-producing neurons

Answer 35

_Substantia Nigra_

Question 36

A general term for disorders that involve difficulty in learning to read or interpret words, letters, and other symbols, but that do not affect general intelligence

Answer 36

_Dyslexia_

Question 37

An abnormal growth of tissue in the brain

Answer 37

_Brain Tumor_

Question 38

Groove in the cerebrum that divides the left and right hemispheres

Answer 38

_Longitudinal Fissure_

Question 39

Either of two compounds that occur naturally in the brain. They are peptides related to the endorphins, with similar physiological effects

Answer 39

_Enkephalins_

Question 40

Egg-shaped mass of gray matter, main relay center between the brain stem and the cerebrum, and registers conscious recognition of pain and temperature, and is concerned with certain emotions

Answer 40

_Thalamus_

Question 41

The three membranes covering th brain and spinal cord

Answer 41

_Cranial Meninges_

Question 42

The part of the brain between the pons and the diencephalon. Also called the mesencephalon

Answer 42

_Midbrain_

Question 43

Two small rounded bodies on the inferior aspect of the hypothalamus that are involved in reflexes related to the sense of smell

Answer 43

_Mamillary Bodies_

Question 44

A hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that produces actions similar to those that result from sympathetic stimulation. Also called noradrenaline

Answer 44

_Norepinephrine_

Question 45

A cone-shaped gland located in the roof of the third ventricle that secretes melatonin

Answer 45

_Pineal Gland_

Question 46

An interrupted fissure anterior to and in general parallel with the central sulcus, marking the anterior border of the precentral gyrus Site of the primary motor cortex

Answer 46

_Precentral Sulcus_

Question 47

Found within the superior margin of the falx cerebri, a cavity created which collects blood draining from the brain tissue

Answer 47

_Superior Sagittal Sinus_

Question 48

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Answer 48

_Delta Waves_

Question 49

Gyrus of cerebral cortex located immediately posterior to the central sulcus; contains the primary somatosensory area

Answer 49

_Postcentral Gyrus_

Question 50

A part of the brain consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and apithalamus

Answer 50

_Diencephalon_

Question 51

Gyrus of cerebral cortex located immediately anterior to the central sulcus; contains the primary motor area

Answer 51

_Precentral Gyrus_

Question 52

Abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluids in the ventricles of the brain.

Answer 52

_Hydrocephalus_

Question 53

In the Occipital Lobe, interprets images seen and compares them to previous visual experiences and memories

Answer 53

_Visual Association Area_

Question 54

The stalklike structure that attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus of the brain. The funnel-shaped, open, distal end of the uterine tube

Answer 54

_Infundibulum_

Question 55

A fold of the dura mater extending deep intothe longitudinal fissure between the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 55

_Falx Cerebri_

Question 56

The deepest and most prominent of the cortical fissures; separates the frontal lobes and temporal lobes in bothhemispheres

Answer 56

_Lateral Cerebral Sulcus_

Question 57

Any of a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. They are peptides that activate the body's opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect

Answer 57

_Endorphins_

Question 58

The sulcus that demarcates the postcentral gyrus from the superior and inferior parietal lobules. Contains the primary somasensory area of the cerebral cortex.

Answer 58

_Postcentral Sulcus_

Question 59

A bruise of soft tissue; a collection of blood to a damaged area.

Answer 59

_Contusion_

Question 60

Traumatic injury to the brain that produces no visible bruising but may result in abrupt, temporary loss of consciousness

Answer 60

_Concussion_

Question 61

A Temporary stroke. a brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply

Answer 61

_Transient Ischemic Attack_

Question 62

A temporary state in which individuals experience a clouding of consciousness in which they are unaware of what is happening around them and are unable to focus or pay attention

Answer 62

_Delirium_

Question 63

An area at the back of each cerebral hemisphere that is the primary receiving area for visual information

Answer 63

_Occipital Lobe_

Question 64

The loss of the ability to move (and sometimes to feel anything) in part or most of the body, typically as a result of illness, poison, or injury

Answer 64

_Paralysis_

Question 65

Group of nucli (grey mater) found in the cerebral hemispheres. regulate muscle tone for movement, and control automatic skeletal movements.

Answer 65

_Basal Ganglia_

Question 66

Disabling neurological disorder characterized by dysfunction and death of specific cerebral neurons, resulting in widespread intellectual impairment, personality changes, and fluctuations in alertness

Answer 66

_Alzheimer's Disease_

Question 67

Portion posterior to the frontal lobe, responsible for sensations such as pain, temperature, and touch

Answer 67

_Parietal Lobe_

Question 68

Large cortical regions on the lateral surfaces of the occipiral, parietal, and temporal lobes and on the frontal lobes anterior to the motor areas connected by many motor and sensory axons to other parts of the cortex; concerned with motor patterns, memory, concepts of word-hearing and word-seeing, reasoning, will, judgment, and personality traits

Answer 68

_Association Areas_

Question 69

The motor area of the brain in the frontal lobe that translates thoughts into speech

Answer 69

_Broca's Area_

Question 70

Motor area of the brain in the frontal lobe that translates thoughts into speech. Also called Broca's speech area

Answer 70

_Motor Speech Area_

Question 71

The two hemispheres of the forebrain, making up the largest part of the brain

Answer 71

_Cerebrum_

Question 72

A compound present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including epinephrine.

Answer 72

_Dopamine_

Question 73

An area on each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex near the temples that is the primary receiving area for auditory information

Answer 73

_Temporal Lobe_

Question 74

Area where spinal cord becomes the brain stem. Contains vasomotor center and decussation of pyramids. Involved in sneezing, vomiting, hiccups, swallowing and coughing.

Answer 74

_Medulla Oblongata_

Question 75

A slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgment, that is often accompanied by personality changes

Answer 75

_Dementia_

Question 76

Projections of the arachnoid mater that protrude into the superior sagittal sinus and through which cerebrospinal fluid is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream

Answer 76

_Arachnoid Villi_

Question 77

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state of wakefulness, idle. Regular and rhythmic, low amplitude.

Answer 77

_Alpha Waves_

Question 78

A deep torn, ragged-edged wound of the skin

Answer 78

_Laceration_

Question 79

A neurotransmitter liberated by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons. It is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory at some other synapses

Answer 79

_Acetylcholine_

Question 80

A groove, fold, or slit that may be normal or abnormal

Answer 80

_Fissures_

Question 81

The surface of the cerebral hemispheres, 2-4 mm thick, consistinf of gray matter; arranged in six layers of neuronal cell bodies in most areas

Answer 81

_Cerebral Cortex_

Question 82

A bridge that connects the two halves of the thalamus

Answer 82

_Intermediate Mass_

Question 83

A small endocrine gland occupying the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone and attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. Also called the hypophysis

Answer 83

_Pituitary Gland_

Question 84

A part of the forebrain, sometimes termed the visceral brain, concerned with various aspects of emotion and behavior; includes the limbic lobe, dentate gyrus, amygdala, septal nuclei, mammillary bodies, anterior thalamic nucleus, olfactory bulbs, and bundles or myelinated axons

Answer 84

_Limbic System_

Question 85

Destruction of brain tissue resulting from obstruction or rupture of blood vessels that supply the brain

Answer 85

_Cerebrovascular Accident_

Question 86

A state of reduced or suspended sensibility; state of mental numbness, as that resulting from shock; a daze; condition of dullness, often resulting from stress; unconsciousness

Answer 86

_Stupor_

Question 87

A triangular area of the cerebral cortex that lies deep within the lateral cerebral fissure, under the parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes

Answer 87

_Insula_