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Test Five Flashcards

1
Q

Brodmann’s does what?

A

olfactory impulses are analyzed here

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2
Q

Where are endorphins made?

A

medulla of kidneys

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3
Q

hypercalcemia

A

high blood calcium levels

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4
Q

What type of hormone is T4?

A

“biogenic amine”

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5
Q

Grave’s disease

A

excess T3-T4 in adults

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6
Q

What lowers blood calcium levels

A

calcitonin

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7
Q

what does oxytocin do

A

stimulates labor contractions

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8
Q

dual innervation (what and where)

A

organs that have 2 separate nerve branches (major organs)

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9
Q

Which organs are slowed down by flight or fight response?

A

GI and urinary

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10
Q

goiter

A

lack of iodine creates enlarged thyroid

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11
Q

cholinergic

A

uses acetylcholine as it’s neurotransmitter

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12
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

lack of GH

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13
Q

chemoreceptors

A

“axons of olfactory neurons exit through tiny holes in the ethmoid bone called the cribriform plate

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14
Q

choriod’s two functions

A

provides nutrients and absorbs light that has already been seen

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15
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

A

speeds things up

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16
Q

Which organs are speed up by flight or flight responses?

A

All except GI and urinary

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17
Q

paracrine

A

hormone that acts on a neighboring cell

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18
Q

optic disk

A

blind spot (site of optic nerve)

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19
Q

sound waves exit through this feature

A

round windows

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20
Q

function of eustachian tubes

A

act to stabilize fluid pressure in back of the tympanic membrane (drain fluid from middle ear)

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21
Q

pheromones

A

hormones that act on other animals

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22
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

excess glucocorticoids

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23
Q

prolactin

A

controls milk production

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24
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

low/faulty insulin, blood sugar regulation problems, increased urinary output

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25
two conditions for taste to work
"olfactory sensation (smell) must be present" | ingested food must be partially dissolved or the taste buds can't work
26
sound waves enter this feature
oval window
27
eyes
bend light rays (refraction)
28
parathyroid hormone
raises blood calcium levels
29
cones
color, high light levels
30
How is the release of T4 controlled?
TSH
31
How is the release of endorphins controlled?
hypothalamus uses neurons
32
Where are sympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies found"
sympathetic chain ganglion
33
insulin (and what cell makes this)
lowers blood glucose and is made by beta cells
34
myxedema
low T3-T4 levels in adults
35
Acromegaly
excess GH post-puberty
36
iris
colored muscle that regulates pupil size
37
oxytocin
stimulates labor contractions
38
membrane bound binding sites
outside the cell and are for all non-lipid hormones
39
What do glucocorticoids do?
natural steroids from kidney cortex
40
T3-T4
control metabolism
41
WHere do sympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the CNS
T1-L2
42
3 functions of chaperone proteins
hide lipids so they don't clump together keep a constant supply of hormones in the blood make tiny hormones (like T3-T4) larger so they aren't filtered out by the kidneys
43
adrenergic
uses adrenaline as it's neurotransmitter
44
describe the Renin/Angiotensin Pathway (what is this in response to and what is the end hormone)
kidneys recognize low blood pressure/volume and release renin, this converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I & II, finally aldosterone is released
45
what motor neuron is adrenergic?
sympathetic postganglionic motor neuron
46
anterior pituitary releases what hormones
TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, PRL, endorphins
47
Where are parasympathetic neuron cell bodies found?
terminal axons
48
What are the 6 topic hormones?
``` LH prolactin melanocyte stimulating hormone TSH ACTH GH ```
49
endocrine
secretes directly into the blood
50
what two eye parts correct refraction?
cornea 60% and lens 40%
51
Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the CNS
brain stem and S2-S4
52
What do endorphins do?
flight or flight response
53
rods
detect crude images, low light, no color vision
54
olfactory sense uses what?
chemoreceptors
55
autocrine
hormone secreted locally and acts on the cells that secreted them
56
who is the one adrenic autonomic nervous system motor neuron?
sympathetic postganglionic motor neuron
57
intracellular bind sites
inside the cell, for lipids and lipid hormones
58
macula lutea
area of eye with best visual acuit
59
calcitonin
lowers blood calcium levels
60
How is the release of oxytocin controlled?
hypothalamus neurons
61
What does the hypothalamus do?
makes oxytocin, ADH & releasing (tropic) hormones, sends releasing hormones to glands
62
aldosterone
increases blood pressure and volume
63
What organ is both exocrine and endocrine?
pancreas
64
What is glaucoma?
increase in pressure inside the eye (buildup of aqueous humor)
65
What kind of neurons are the special senses?
bipolar sensory neurosn
66
glucagon (and what cell makes this)
raises blood glucose and is made by alpha cells
67
What are cribriform plates?
tiny holes in the ethmoid bone
68
What raises blood calcium levels?
PTH
69
hormone that might cause excessive urination
low ADH, insulin
70
function of ossicles
help conduct sound waves to the inner ear
71
function of semilunar canals
have neurons that detect when head is in motion (dynamic equalibrium)
72
exocrine
have ducts, release onto skin or in the GI tract
73
posterior pituitary releases what hormones
oxytocin, ADH
74
What type of cell makes T4?
follicular cells in the thyroid
75
What does T4 do?
controls metabolism
76
What is refraction?
bending light rays
77
cretinism
low T3-T4 levels in infants
78
What connects the pituitary and the hypothalamus?
infundibulum
79
melanocyte stimulating hormone
makes melanin
80
How is the release of glucocorticoids controlled?
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
81
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
slows things down
82
giantism
excess GH pre-puberty
83
LH
releasing hormone for ovaries and testes
84
Where are glucocorticoids stored?
kidney cortex
85
ADH
decreases urinary output, lack of this is diabetes insipidus
86
where is oxytocin stored?
posterior pituitary
87
Where are sympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies found?
Sympathetic chain ganglion
88
Where are the parasympathetic postganglionic neuron cell bodies found?
Terminal axons
89
Where do sympathetic preganglionic neurons exist the CNS?
T1-L2
90
Where do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the CNS?
Brain stem and S2-S4

Anatomy and Physiology (15 decks)

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