The Evolution of Populations: Chp 23

Question 1

microevolution

Answer 1

the change in the allele frequencies of a population over generations. this is evolution on its smallest scale

Question 2

mutations

Answer 2

only source of new genes and new alleles

Question 3

point mutations

Answer 3

changes in one base in a gene

Question 4

chromosomal mutations

Answer 4

delete, disrupt, duplicate, or rearrange many loci at once. usually harmful

Question 5

population gnetics

Answer 5

the study of how populations change genetically over time

Question 6

population

Answer 6

a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring

Question 7

gene pool

Answer 7

all of the alleles at all loci in all the members of a population

Question 8

five conditions for hardy weinberg equilibrium

Answer 8

1: no mutations
2: random mating
3: no natural selection
4: no genetic drit
5: no gene flow

Question 9

hardy weinberg principle

Answer 9

describes a population that is not evolving

Question 10

the trhee major factors that alter allele frequencies

Answer 10

natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

results in alleles being passed to the next generation in proportions different fromtheir relative frequencies in the present generation

Question 12

genetic drift

Answer 12

unpredictable fluctuation in allele frequencies from one generation to the next. two examples: founder effect and bottleneck effect

Question 13

founder effect

Answer 13

a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and establish a new population whose gene pool is not reflective of the source population

Question 14

bottleneck effect

Answer 14

a sudden change in environment drastically redcuese the size of a popultion

Question 15

gene flow

Answer 15

occurs when a populaiton gains or loses alleles by genetic additions to and/or subtractions from the population