Test 1

Question 1

criteria for a trait to be adaptive

Answer 1

hereditary/passed down, variation must exist, and increase the fitness-ability to adaptive

Question 2

What are conservative traits

Answer 2

Traits that do not change over time because they haven’t needed to change
(Ducks courtship dances)

Question 3

How is population regulated

Answer 3

Starvation, natural disaster, disease

Question 4

What is a biological rhythm

Answer 4

Inside body telling yourself what to do ( to wake up, eat, etc…) due to environmental factors

Question 5

Define epicycle

Answer 5

Cycle that is less than 24 hours

Question 6

Define Circadian cycle

Answer 6

The natural cycle that lasts 24 hours and when our natural rhythms are of rest, energy, and activity

Question 7

Circannual Cycles

Answer 7

Cycles that happen every year due to a hormonal change in an animal based on the seasons
EX: Seasonal Affective Disorder, Hibernation, Estrous (depending on animal)

Question 8

Entrainment

Answer 8

when your internal rhythm is off based on the external stimuli
EX: Jetlag

Question 9

Zetbergers

Answer 9

The environmental factor that fixes entrainment

EX: sun, temperature, tides

Question 10

Ashoff’s Rule

Answer 10

He said that your cycles adapt to the surroundings the shift away from the 24 hour cycle

Question 11

Why do animals migrate

Answer 11

Better food, mating, climate

Question 12

Explain the 2 phases that trigger migration

Answer 12

Preparatory (Fat deposition: slows metabolism to conserve energy and increases fat
Zeugenrue: animal becomes restless in terms of anxiety)
Stimulus
(Photoperiod Stimulus
Climatic Conditions)

Question 13

Four flyaway in America

Answer 13

Pacific, mississippi, atlantic, central

Question 14

Navigation

Answer 14

The process by which an animal uses cues to determine its position
EX: using landmarks, or 6 senses

Question 15

Four components needed to really understand behavior according to niko tinbergen

Answer 15

Evolution, function, development, and causation

Question 16

Three basic functions of the nervous system

Answer 16

Reaction, integration, sensation

Question 17

Two sections of the autonomic NS

Answer 17

Parasympathetic (rest/digest)

Sympathetic (fight/flight)

Question 18

Function of astrocytes (start shaped)

Answer 18

Nutrient transfer

Guiding migration of developing neurons

Question 19

5 cycle characteristics

Answer 19

frequency, period, amplitude, phase, duration

Question 20

Nomadic migration

Answer 20

Change of location continuously; usually to follow prey species

Question 21

T/F: ethology is the study of animal behavior

Answer 21

true

Question 22

T/F: operant conditioning is the behavior in regard to consequences

Answer 22

true

Question 23

T/F: Lorenz studied bees

Answer 23

F-Von Frisch

Question 24

T/F Tiberg studies birds and species specific

Answer 24

F-Lorenz

Question 25

wallace

Answer 25

came up with the idea of evolution

Question 26

darwin

Answer 26

proved evolution was true

Question 27

who were the greats

Answer 27

lorenz, tinbergen, and von frisch

Question 28

ethograms are...

Answer 28

is a description an documentation of the behavioral patterns under study, a behavioral inventory-tool to study behavior

Question 29

kin selection is...

Answer 29

proposed by hamilton and is known to be a form of natural selection in which individuals can increase their fitness by helping close relatives, because close relatives share the helper's genes

Question 30

altruism is...

Answer 30

(kin selection is used to describe altruism) individual selection can explain cooperation through inclusive fitness

Question 31

Overall increase in fitness and animal gets by helping itself and others

Answer 31

inclusive fitness

Question 32

Perception is more important than reality

Answer 32

true

Question 33

What is the change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Answer 33

evolution

Question 34

Year the greats won noble prize

Answer 34

1972

Question 35

Strange act where an animal will put itself in harm's way in order to help others

Answer 35

altruism

Question 36

What consists of the neurons and neuroglia that attach to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 36

CNS

Question 37

What is more abundant that neurons in the body

Answer 37

neuroglia

Question 38

What is the ways bees communicate where food is outside of the hive

Answer 38

waggle dance

Question 39

What nervous system contains nerves that connect to the CNS and muscles and organs

Answer 39

PNS

Question 40

Cells that monitor stimuli during sensation are called

Answer 40

receptors

Question 41

What are the functional signal conducting cells:

Answer 41

neurons

Question 42

supporting cells

Answer 42

neuroglia

Question 43

What Is a type of neuroglia that act as K and Na buffers

Answer 43

astrocytes

Question 44

Type of neuroglia that acts as a macrophage of the CNS:

Answer 44

microglia

Question 45

What types of neuroglia in the PNS has no known function

Answer 45

satellite cells

Question 46

Input region of a neuron:

Answer 46

dendrites or soma

Question 47

Define lateralization in terms of the brain and 2 hemispheres

Answer 47

Left side of the brain controls right side of body and visa versa as well as their specific functions that are different. That is not 100% so some parts of the right brain also works when moving the right side of the body because if one side of the brain got hurt the other side can compensate. Lateralization balances out the brain

Question 48

Three kinds of neurons that connect to CNS

Answer 48

Sensory, motor, interneuron

Question 49

Sympathetic and parasympathetic are a part of the autonomic which is part of the

Answer 49

peripheral