The Mouth And Swallowing Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the major salivary glands
Parotid
Sublingual
Submandibular
Roles of saliva
Lubrication and cleaning
Taste facilitation
Acid and bacteria protection (via antibacterial enzymes, bicarbonate, calcium)
Digestion my enzymes- salivary amylase, lingual lipase
How is saliva prod regulated?
Neural control
Parasympathetic controls watery and symp controls mucous activity
It is parasympathetic ally controlled in the salivatory centre in the brain stem
It is driven by local and central stimuli and reflexes
How many processes does saliva production have?
2
In the salivon, how is saliva prepared and produced for the mouth
Secreted in the anicus of the salivon as a isotonic fluid (cont NaCl, proteins, mucus)
Then
Passes along salivon duct where salt reabsorbtion occurs with HCO3 and K+ secretion as a hypertonic alkaline fluid
Therefore flow is important to get the right concentration
What does the parotid gland produce
Salivary amylase main source
Proline Rick proteins
50% of salivary volume
Nerve supply of the parotid gland
Para via CN CNIX
Sympathetic from superior cervical ganglion
What does the submandibular gland secrete
Serous and mucous secretion
45% of salivary volume
Lysozyme and lactoperoxidase
What does nerve supply does the submandibular gland have?
Para via CNII (facial to chorea tympani to lingual nerve)
Sympathetic via superior cervical ganglion
ITS CN VII!,
Sublingual salivary gland what does it produce
Mucous secretion
5% salivary volume5% salivary colume
Mucous production predominantly
Lingual lipase main source
Nerve supply to sublingual salivary gland
Para via CN VII
Sumo via sup cervical ganglion
What is ptyalin alpha amylase, what does it digest
Starch and other polysaccharides, can only curt at straight chain 1,4 bonds
PH 7 optimum, denatured at 4
Lingual lipase, what does it digest
Initial digestion of triglycerides by ccleabing off the outer fatty acids, pH optimum is 4, stable in the stomach, denatured by cancteatic proteases, works with gastric lipases to digest lipids
What are taste buds/sensors, what types are there
Specialised epithelia cells
Ion channel based receptor tastes salty, sour
Or
GPCR based receptor tastes sweet, umami and bitter
They are NOT nerve cells!!, they send impulses to nerve cells after interpretation!
What are odour receptors
Nerve cells - G protein coupled(odour receptors are part of olfactory receptor cells)
What are the phases of swallowing?
A -Voluntary phase -start if swallow
B - Pharyngeal phase the pharynx wall contracts and epiglottis pushed by the bolus to meet the larynx which moves upwards
C - when the trachea closed and upper oesophageal sphincter opens
D -Oesophageal phase when the upper oesophageal sphincter closes and bolus descends the peristaltic activity
What is the cephalic phase of GI activity
Conscious and unconscious stimuli
Parasympathetic mediated - salivary secretion via glossopharangeal and facial nerves
Control of gi motility an secretion via vague CN-
