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Human Anatomy & Physiology > The Skeleton > Flashcards

The Skeleton Flashcards

(100 cards)

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1
Q

What are the three major regions of the axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

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2
Q

How many bones are in the skull?

A

22

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3
Q

What are the 4 major skull sutures?

A

Coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid

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4
Q

Which bones does the coronal suture separate?

A

Frontal and parietal

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5
Q

Which bones does the sagittal suture separate?

A

The two parietal bones

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6
Q

Which bones does the squamous suture separate?

A

Parietal and temporal

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7
Q

Which bones does the lambdoid suture separate?

A

Parietal and occipital

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8
Q

Sinus

A

Mucous-membrane-lined, air-filled cavity in certain cranial bones. Lightens the skull

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9
Q

What are the eight cranial bones?

A

Frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

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10
Q

Supraorbital margins

A

Thickened superior margins of the orbit that lie under the eyebrows

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11
Q

Anterior cranial fossa

A

Depressed area in the anterior cranium floor that supports the frontal lobes of the brain; formed by portions of the frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones.

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12
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Depressed area in the posterior cranium floor that supports the cerebellum of the brain; formed by the occipital bone

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13
Q

Foramen magnum

A

“large hole” through which the inferior part of the brain connects withthe spinal cord

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14
Q

Which bone is the zygomatic process on?

A

The temporal bone

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15
Q

Which bone is the cheek bone?

A

Zygomatic bone

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16
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

External ear canal; passageway through temporal bone through which soundwave travel to eardrum

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17
Q

Which bone is the mastoid process on?

A

Temporal bone

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18
Q

Mastoid process

A

Bony prominence of the temporal bone located posterior to the external ear opening that serves as an attachment site for several neck muscles

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19
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Bat/butterfly shaped, spans the width of the middle cranial fossa

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20
Q

Which bone is the keystone bone of the cranium?

A

Sphenoid bone

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21
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Most deeply situated bone of the skull, lies between sphenoid and nasal bones of the face; forms most of the bony area between the nasal cavity and the orbits

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22
Q

Cribriform plates

A

Form the superior surface of the ethmoid, punctured by tiny holes called cribriform foramina that allow the filaments of the olfactory nerves to pass from the smell receptors in the nasal cavity to the brain

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23
Q

Crista galli

A

Triangular process of the ethmoid bone projecting superiorly between the cribriform plates that attaches to a covering of the brain and helps to secure the brain within the cranial cavity

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24
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jaw bone, largest and strongest bone of the face

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25
What are the parts of mandible?
The body (forms the chin) and rami (the upright parts)
26
Mandibular angle
Where the ramus meets the body on the mandible
27
Condylar process
Prominence posterior to the mandibular notch that articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint
28
Alveolar process
Superior border of mandibular body, contains the sockets in which teeth are embedded
29
Mandibular foramina
Located on the medial surface of each ramus, permit the nerves responsible for tooth sensation to pass to the teeth in the lower jaw
30
Mental foramina
Openings on the anterolateral aspects of the mandibular body, allow blood vessels and nerves to pass to the skin of the chin and lower lip
31
Maxillary bones
Fused medially, form the upper jaw and central portion of facial skeleton
32
What are the keystone bones of the facial skeleton?
Maxillae
33
Palatine processes
Form the anterior two-thirds of the hard palate, or bony roof of the mouth
34
Lacrimal bones
Delicate, fingernail-shaped bones that form part of the medial orbit wall and articulate with the frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones.
35
Vomer
Slender, plow-shaped, lies in nasal cavity
36
Hyoid bone
U-shaped and not directly connected to skull, lies in the anterior neck just inferior to the mandible
37
How many bones are in the vertebral column?
26
38
What are the 5 regions of the vertebral column, from superior to inferior?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
39
How many vertebrae are in each region?
Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 1 Coccyx - 1
40
What are the 2 parts of intervertebral discs?
Nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus
41
Scoliosis
Abnormal rotation of the spine that results in a lateral curvature, most often in the thoracic region
42
Kyphosis
Hunchback; a dorsally exaggerated thoracic curvature
43
Lordosis
Swayback; accentuated lumbar curvature. Common in pregnant women and men with potbellies
44
Body (of vertebra)
Anterior portion of vertebra, the weight-bearing region
45
Vertebral arch
Posterior portion of the vertebra, consists of two pedicles and two laminae
46
Pedicles
Short, bony pillars that project posteriorly from the vertebral body to form the sides of the arch
47
Laminae
Flat plates that meet and fuse together at the midline to complete the arch posteriorly.
48
Vertebral foramen
Large hole encircled by the body and vertebral arch
49
Spinous process
The median, posterior projection arising at the junction of the two laminae
50
Transverse process
Projects laterally from each pedicle-lamina junction
51
Inferior articular processes
Articular processes that project downward from the pedicle-lamina junctions of a vertebra to join with the superior articular projections of the vertebra immediately inferior.
52
Superior articular processes
Articular processes that project upward from the pedicle-lamina junctions of a vertebra to join with the inferior articular processes of the vertebra immediately superior.
53
Atlas
C1 vertebra, has no body and no spinous process. Carries the skull, allows for nodding yes
54
Axis
C2 vertebra, has a knob-like dens projecting superiorly from its body, which acts as a pivot rotation and allows for turning head "no"
55
What are distinguishing features of C3-C7 vertebrae?
- Body is oval - Vertebral foramen is large and triangular - Spinous process is short, projects directly back, and is split at tip - There are transverse foramen through which the vertebral arteries pass to service the brain
56
What are distinguishing features of thoracic vertebrae?
- Heart-shaped body - Vertebral foramen is circular - Spinous process is long and points downward - Transverse processes have facets that articulate with ribs
57
What are distinguishing features of lumbar vertebrae?
- Bodies are massive and kidney shaped - Pedicles and laminae are shorter and thicker - Spinous processes are short, flat, and hatchet shaped and are easily seen when a person bends forward - Vertebral foramen is triangular
58
How many vertebrae are fused to make the sacrum in adults?
5
59
Which regions of the spine are convex posteriorly?
Thoracic and sacral
60
Which regions of the spine are concave posteriorly?
Cervical and lumbar
61
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
62
How many pairs of ribs are there?
12
63
True ribs
The 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by individual costal cartilages
64
False ribs
The 5 pairs of ribs that either attach indirectly to the sternum or entirely lack a sternal attachment
65
Floating ribs
Ribs pairs 11 and 12 that have no anterior attachments
66
Pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle)
Bones that attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton; includes the clavicle and scapula
67
Clavicles
Collarbones; Paired set of S-shaped horizontal bones that articulate with the sternal manubrium medially and the scapula laterally; act as shoulder girdle braces and muscle attachment sites
68
Scapulae
Shoulder blades; thin, roughly triangular bones that lie on the dorsal surface of the rib cage between ribs 2 and 7
69
Glenoid cavity
Shallow depressed area on the lateral part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.
70
Acromion
Lateral projection of the spine of the scapula that articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle; felt as the “point of the shoulder.”
71
Acromioclavicular joint
Point of articulation between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula.
72
How many bones form the framework of each upper limb?
30
73
What is the sole bone of the arm?
Humerus
74
What are the two bones of the forearm?
Radius and ulna
75
Where do the radius and ulna articulate with each other?
Radioulnar joints
76
Which bone forms the elbow joint with the humerus?
Ulna
77
Olecranon
Posterior, proximal projection of the ulna that articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the point of the elbowW
78
Which regions make up the hand?
Carpus (wrist), metacarpus (palm), phalanges (fingers)
79
Pelvic girdle (hip girdle)
Consists of the paired hip bones and sacrum that attach the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
80
What are the 3 main parts of the hip bone?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
81
Acetabulum
Deep hemispherical socket on the lateral side of the hip bone that articulates with the femoral head; located at the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
82
vertebra prominens
C7, whose spinous process is larger than those of the other cervical vertebrae
83
What articulates with the capitulum of the humerus?
Radius
84
Talus
The large bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia of the leg and the calcaneum and navicular bone of the foot
85
Gluteal tuberosity
roughened, raised area on the posterior (back) surface of the femur (thigh bone)
86
Tibia
Shin bone - Bone with the bony crest that forms the shin
87
Where are medial and lateral condyles found?
Femur (distal end) and tibia (proximal end)
88
Which bone has the greater trochanter?
Femur
89
At its distal end, the femur articulates with the ____ only
Tibia
90
Medial malleous
The bony bump on the inner side of your ankle, specifically the lower end of the tibia
91
Lateral malleous
The bony prominence on the outer side of the ankle, specifically the lower end of the fibula
92
Ilium
Large, flaring (widening) bone that forms the superior region of the hip bone
93
94
Ischium
Posteroinferior portion of the hip bone.
95
Pelvic brim
Oval ridge extending from the pubic crest over the arcuate line and sacral promontory that separates the false (greater) pelvis from true (lesser) pelvis.
96
False pelvis
Broad portion of the pelvic cavity superior to the pelvic brim
97
True pelvis
The region inferior to the pelvic brim that is almost entirely surrounded by bone. It forms a deep bowl containing the pelvic organs
98
Pelvic inlet
Superior opening of the pelvis at the pelvic brim; forms the boundary between the inferior true pelvis and the superior false pelvis.
99
Pelvic outlet
Inferior opening of the pelvis at the inferior margin of the true pelvis; bounded by the pubic arch, ischia, sacrum, and coccyx.
100
Greater and lesser trochanter
Projections on the femur that serve as sites of attachment for thigh and buttock muscles

Human Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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