The vessels and nerves of the lower limb

Question 1

How does the abdominal aorta end?

Answer 1

By dividing into the right an left common iliac arteries

Question 2

What do the right and left common iliac arteries divide into?

Answer 2

The internal and external iliac arteries

Question 3

What do the external iliacs become?

Answer 3

The femoral arteries in the thighs

Question 4

Which artery comes off the femoral artery?

Answer 4

The popiteal artery (posterior to the knee)

Question 5

Which artery follows after the popiteal artery?

Answer 5

The anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 6

Overall what is the sequence of arteries of the lower limb from the aorta to the iliac arteries?

Answer 6

Abdominal aorta-> left and right common iliac artery-> right internal iliac and right external iliac

Question 7

Overall what is the sequence of arteries of the lower limb from the iliac arteries to the leg?

Answer 7

Right external iliac-> right femoral-> right popilteal-> right anterior and right posterior tibial

Question 8

Where do the common iliac arteries arise from?

Answer 8

Abdominal aorta, about level of fourth lumbar vertebrae

Question 9

What is the internal iliac artery ?

Answer 9

Primary arteries of the pelvis

Question 10

Where does the internal iliac artery begin?

Answer 10

At the bifurcation of common iliac arteries anterior to sacroiliac joint at level of lumbosacral intervertebral disc

Question 11

Where does the internal iliac artery pass?

Answer 11

Pass posteriorly as they descend into pelvis and divide into anterior and posterior divisions

Question 12

Is the external iliac artery smaller or larger than the internal iliac artery?

Answer 12

Larger

Question 13

Where does the external iliac artery delay?

Answer 13

Descend along medial border of psoas major muscles following from pelvic brim, pass posterior to midportion of inguinal ligaments, and become femoral arteries as they pass beneath inguinal ligaments and enter the thigh

Question 14

What is the femoral artery?

Answer 14

Continuation of external iliac artery as they enter the thigh

Question 15

Where does the femoral artery pass?

Answer 15

Pass beneath sartorius muscle as they descend along anteromedial aspects of thighs

Question 16

Where does the femoral artery follow after its passed the satorius muscle

Answer 16

Follow its course to distal end of thigh where they pass through opening in tendon of adductor magnus muscle to end at posterior aspect of knee

Question 17

What happens when the femoral artery reaches the posterior artery of the knee?

Answer 17

Becomes popilteal artery

Question 18

What is the popliteal artery?

Answer 18

Continuation of femoral arteries through popliteal fossa

Question 19

What is the popliteal fossa?

Answer 19

Space behind the knee

Question 20

Where does the popliteal artery descend?

Answer 20

Descend to inferior border of popliteus muscles, where they divide into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 21

What is the anterior tibial artery?

Answer 21

Descend from bifurcation of popliteal arteries at distal borders of popliteus muscles

Question 22

Is the anterior tibial or posterior tibial artery the largest?

Answer 22

Posterior tibial artery

Question 23

Where does the anterior tibial artery pass?

Answer 23

Pass over interosseous membrane of tibia and fibula

Question 24

What does the anterior tibial artery become?

Answer 24

Dorsalis pedis arteries at ankles

Question 25

What do the dorsal arteries branch into?

Answer 25

Give off transverse branch at first medial cuneiform bone called arcuate arteries that run laterally over the metatarsals

Question 26

What do the arcurate arteries branch to?

Answer 26

Branch dorsal metatarsal arteries, which course along metatarsal bones.

Question 27

What do dorsal metatarsal arteries branch into?

Answer 27

Terminate by dividing into dorsal digit arteries, which pass into toes

Question 28

What are posterior tibial arteries?

Answer 28

Direct continuations of popliteal arteries, descend from bifurcation of popliteal arteries

Question 29

Where do the posterior tibial arteries?

Answer 29

Pass down posterior muscular compartment of legs deep to soleus muscles Pass posterior to medial malleolus at distal end of leg and curve forward toward plantar surfaces of feet Pass deep to flexor retinaculum on medial side of feet

Question 30

Where do posterior tibial arteries terminate?

Answer 30

Terminate by branching into medial and planar arteries

Question 31

What other artery do the posterior tibial arteries give rise to

Answer 31

Fibular (perinoeal) arteries in upper third of leg

Question 32

Where do the smaller medial plantar arteries pass?

Answer 32

Along the medial side of sole

Question 33

Where do the larger lateral plantar arteries pass?

Answer 33

Angle toward lateral side of the sole and unite with branch of dorsalis pedis arteries of foot to form plantar arch

Question 34

Where does the plantar arch begin?

Answer 34

Begins at the base of fifth metatarsal and extends medially across metatarsals

Question 35

What artery branches of the plantar arch?

Answer 35

Plantar metatarsal arteries, which course along plantar surface of metatarsal bones

Question 36

Where do plantar metatarsal arteries terminate?

Answer 36

Terminate by dividing into plantar digit arteries that pass into the toes

Question 37

Where's the obturatory artery?

Answer 37

Emerges out of the pelvis- travel interiorly from iliac artery Supply anterior portion of femoral

Question 38

What does the internal iliac artery supply?

Answer 38

Goes down into pelvis and provides blood

Question 39

What do the superior and inferior gluteal artery supply?

Answer 39

The buttocks

Question 40

Is the amount of blood higher in the internal or external iliac?

Answer 40

External iliac

Question 41

Where do the deep veins drain?

Answer 41

Converge and drain eventually into the femoral vein

Question 42

How many veins flank an artery?

Answer 42

Two deep veins for each artery

Question 43

Where does the small saphenous drain?

Answer 43

Popliteal

Question 44

Where does the great saphenous drain?

Answer 44

Femoral

Question 45

Why are there valves in veins?

Answer 45

Allows undirectional flow | Prevents the backflow of blood

Question 46

What do perforating (communicating) veins do?

Answer 46

Connect the two systems

Question 47

Do perforating veins have valves?

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

Why do perforating veins have valves

Answer 48

Allow flow from the superficial to the deep network

Question 49

What are the three major nerves for motor and sensory innervation?

Answer 49

Femoral Obturator Sciatic

Question 50

What are the characteristics of the Sciatic nerve?

Answer 50

Longest and thickest of the body

Question 51

What are the characteristics of the Femoral and Obturator nerves?

Answer 51

Have the most innervation

Question 52

What are the cutaneous nerves?

Answer 52

Lateral cutaneous of the thigh Posterior cutaneous of the thigh Other cutaneous branches of the 3 major nerves

Question 53

What is meant by cutaneous supply?

Answer 53

Cutaneous supply- supply of skin and nerves