Thymus And Lymph Node

Question 1

Where is the Thymus located

Answer 1

Anterior Mediastinum

Question 2

What are the main cell components in the thymus

Answer 2

T Lymphocytes, Epithelial

Question 3

Where are the epithelial cells located into the body

Answer 3

In the third pharyngeal pouch

Question 4

In the cortex are the epithelial cells dense or loose

Answer 4

Dense

Question 5

In the Medulla, are the epithelial cells loose or dense

Answer 5

Loose

Question 6

What is the name given to the epithelial cells in the medulla

Answer 6

Hassall Corpuscles

Question 7

What is the main function of the thymus

Answer 7

Development of Self Tolerance

Question 8

List the types of Developmental diseases of the thymus

Answer 8

Agenisis and hypoplasia

Question 9

List the type of Acquired diseases of the thymus

Answer 9

Atrophy, Hyperplasia, Neoplasia

Question 10

What are the names of the combined deficiencies in thymic developmental immunodeficiencies

Answer 10

Bone Marrow Failure
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
T and B cell Deficiency
2 degree thymic agenesis/ hypoplasia

Question 11

What is the name of the cellular deficiencies in thymic developmental abnormalities

Answer 11

1st degree thymic ageneis/ hypoplasia

Question 12

At what age is the thymic mass at its highest

Answer 12

Puberty

Question 13

What is the normal thymic mass during Birth, Puberty, 25 years, 60 years, 70 years

Answer 13

15, 35, 25, <15, <5

Question 14

What causes acquired thymic Atrophy

Answer 14

Age, malnutrition, stress, terminal illness, cytotoxic drugs

Question 15

The presence of lymphoid follicles is a characteristic of what disease

Answer 15

Thymic Hyperplasia

Question 16

What is the associated disease for Thymic Hyperplasia

Answer 16

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 17

What areas in the body exhibits weakness due to Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 17

Proximal Girdle and Bulbar Weakness

Question 18

True or False, In Myasthenia Gravis, An increase in muscle use decrease the muscle’s ability to function

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In thymic neoplasms, what disease has an epithelial origin

Answer 19

Thymomas

Question 20

In thymic neoplasms, what disease has a lymphoid origin

Answer 20

Lymphomas

Question 21

What are germ cell tumors due to thymic neoplasms called

Answer 21

Teratomas

Question 22

True or False, the most common neoplasms of the thymus is of epithelial origin

Answer 22

True

Question 23

True or False, majority of thymomas are malignant

Answer 23

False, they are cytologically and biologically benign

Question 24

What type of Thymoma is cytologically benign but biologically aggressive

Answer 24

Type 1 (invasive thymoma)

Question 25

What type of Thymoma is rare

Answer 25

Type 2 - Thymic Carcinoma

Question 26

True or False, thymomas that are cytologically sand biologically malignant are rare

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What disease usually has an anterior mediastinal mass

Answer 27

Thymoma

Question 28

What is the average age group for patients with Thymoma

Answer 28

50 year old

Question 29

What percentage of patients with Thymomas are asymptomatic

Answer 29

10-50%

Question 30

What percentage of patients with Thymomas have pressure symptoms

Answer 30

10-30%

Question 31

What percentage of patients with Thymomas have systemic features

Answer 31

30-40%

Question 32

What disease is usually associated with Myasthenia Gravis (15-45%)

Answer 32

Thymoma

Question 33

What disease is associated with thymomas (21%)

Answer 33

Cytopenias

Question 34

What disease is associated with Thymoma (6%)

Answer 34

Acquired hypo gamma-globulinaemia

Question 35

What is the term given to a lymph node enlargement

Answer 35

Lymphadenopathy

Question 36

What 3 substances can cause Reactive Hyperplasia of the Lymph nodes

Answer 36

Microbes Cell Debris Foreign Material

Question 37

True or False, Reactive Hyperplasia is non-specific

Answer 37

True

Question 38

In reactive Hyperplasia, what cells process antigens

Answer 38

Macrophages

Question 39

In reactive Hyperplasia, what cell is activated by the lymph nodes

Answer 39

Resting/memory lymphocytes

Question 40

What morphological change occurs to the lymph nodes in reactive Hyperplasia

Answer 40

Size/cytoplasm Pallor Nucleoli and mitosis

Question 41

What does the the lymph node secrete in reactive Hyperplasia

Answer 41

Cytokines

Question 42

In reactive Hyperplasia, antigenic stimulation for < 8days, results in ____

Answer 42

Diffuse Hyperplasia (T cell)

Question 43

In reactive Hyperplasia, antigenic stimulation for > 15 days, results in ____

Answer 43

Follicular Hyperplasia (B cell)

Question 44

What lymphadenopathy is usually microbial with localized and direct drainage of infection

Answer 44

Acute Reactive Hyperplasia

Question 45

What are the localized direct drainage of infection

Answer 45

Tonsils Inguinal Enteric

Question 46

What are the generalized drainage of infection

Answer 46

Viral infections Bacteraemia Septicaemia

Question 47

True or False, acute reactive Hyperplasia is asymptomatic

Answer 47

False, it is painfully tender

Question 48

What is the gross display of lymph nodes in acute reactive Hyperplasia

Answer 48

Red-grey | Intact capsule - perinodal extension

Question 49

What is the microscopic display of lymph nodes in acute reactive Hyperplasia

Answer 49

Sinusoidal congestion Polymorphs - necrosis Follicular Hyperplasia

Question 50

What histologic appearance varies in reactive Hyperplasia

Answer 50

Age, immune capability, past exposure, inciting factor, duration

Question 51

A 1st degree lymphoma is referred to as ________

Answer 51

Leukemia

Question 52

In chronic reactive Hyperplasia, what cell is associated with an increase in antibody production

Answer 52

Follicular (B cell)

Question 53

In Chronic Reactive Hyperplasia, what cell is associated with viral infections and cytotoxicity

Answer 53

Paracortical/ diffuse (t cell)

Question 54

What cell is associated with cytokine effect in lymph nodes draining tumors

Answer 54

Sinus histocytosis