Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

nuero > thyroid gland > Flashcards

thyroid gland Flashcards

1
Q

how many lobes does the thyroid gland have

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

connected by

A

isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what extra lobe do somepeoplpe have

A

pyramid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the thyroid made up of

A

follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe the strcuture

A

follicular (circular) cells on outside

with colloid in midlle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is colloid made up of

A

extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what other cell

A

parafollicular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

function

A

secrete calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what 2 glands are embedded in thyroid

A

parathyroid glands (superior and inferiori)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which nerves runs vlose and supplies vocal cords

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do the para thyroid glands secrete

A

hormone importnat for calcium metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in embryo where does the thyroid start of

A 
base of tongue
develop of thyroglossal duct 
divide in 2 lobes 
Duct disappears leaving foramen caecum
Final position by week 7
Thyroid gland then develops
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

how are blood vessels shown in histology

A

red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the White line/dot-

A

where the thyroid hormone is made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is t3/t4 sythesised

A

TSH- arrives via blood, binds to TSH R
Na+ and I-, enter by sodium iodine co transporter then iodide transported via another receptor to colloid
Become oxidesed called iodination to become iodine

TG (thyroglobulin) is made as a result of TSH R being bound(?) ]

TG binds to iodine
to produce MIT and DIT

coupling reaction to produce t3 t4

TPO and h2o2 catalysis the reaction

TG prohormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which amino acid residue is iodinated in the TG

A

tyrosine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

structure

A

aromatic ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

only one iodine added

A

3 monoiodotyrosine (MIT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 iodine

A

3,5-DIIODOTYROSINE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

3-MONOIODOTYROSINE +
3,5-DIIODOTYROSINE
MIT + DIT

A

T3

21
Q

3,5-DIIODOTYROSINE
+
3,5-DIIODOTYROSINE
DIT + DIT

A

t4

22
Q

which is the active hormone

A

t3

23
Q

how is t4 converted to active t3

A

Deiodinated to triiodothyronine (T3), its bioactive form, in target tissues

24
Q

if deiodinated in different position

A

Also deiodinated in a different position to produce reverse T3 (inactive)

25
Q

which enzyme deiodinates

A

deiodinase enzyme

26
Q

so t4 is a what sort of hormone

A

prohormone

27
Q

how are t3 t4 transported in blood

A

Mostly bound to plasma proteins

28
Q

is it active when bound

A

no

29
Q

what affect does t4/t3 have on a gene

A

Target tissue have the diodinase enzyme
T3 enters nucleus
T3 binds to thyoid receptor
Altered gene expression

30
Q

what is cretinism

A

severe deficiency of thyroid hormone in newborn

31
Q

how is it tested at birth

A

TSH measured in new-born infant’s heel-prick test

32
Q

what does thyroid hormone do

A

↑Basal metabolic rate
Protein, carbohydrate & fat metabolism
Potentiate actions of catecholamines (e.g. tachycardia, lipolysis)
Effects on the GI, CNS, Reproductive systems

↑glucose absorption
↑gylcogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
↑lipolysis
↑protein synthesis & degradation

↑cardiac output

33
Q

how is homostasis achieved when TRH causes TSH causing T3/T4 in posistive cylce

A

inhibited by negative feedback by increase in T3 T4 ((Wolff-Chaikoff effect)

Iodine can inhbit production of t3 t4 in large amounts

Large amount of potassium iodine given to stop production

34
Q

which hormone can also inhibt

A

omatostatin- inhibit production of TSH

35
Q

Are thyroid disorders more common in men or women, or the same?

A

Women (4:1 ratio)

36
Q

why

A

???? Over time, evolved to carry baby, baby has lots of other antigesn, so women immune system is diffrenent

37
Q

Is an overactive thyroid gland or an underactive thyroid gland more common?

A

The same

38
Q

what causes Primary hypothyroidism

A

autoimmune

surgery- removal of thyroid

39
Q

what happens in Primary hypothyroidism to thyroxine and TSH levels

A

Thyroxine levels decline

TSH levels climb

40
Q

what are 2 diseases associated with hypo

A

Graves can cause hypo but more rare mostly hyper

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

41
Q 
signs ans symptoms of hypo 
in hair 
brain 
thyroid 
face  
voice
skin 
weight  
bowel
heart  
cold/hot
A 
hair- hair loss, receding, thin 
brain- fatigue, memory impairment, depression 
thyroid- enlarge 
face-swollen,  
voice-deep 
weight-increase with reduced appetite 
bowel-Constipation
heart- Bradycardia  
cold intolernace- always hot

Affects sypmathtic nervous system- everything slows down

42
Q

drug to treat hypo

A

Levothyroxine

43
Q

what is it similar to

A

Levothyroxine- similar to t4

Deiodinated in the same way to give you t3

44
Q

can it treat hyper

A

Hyper- high anti thyroid hormone, and give back what they need to survive

45
Q

why not give t3

A

Expensive t3
T4 cheap
No evidence it works better than t4

46
Q

what haooens to thyroxine and TSH levels in hyper

A

Thyroxine levels rise

TSH levels drop

47
Q

disease

A

Graves’ disease – whole gland smoothly enlarged and whole gland overactive
Toxic multinodular goitre
Solitary toxic nodule

48
Q

sign and symptoms

A

nervousness,irritability, insomnia, depression

broken hair/hairloss 
enlarge thyroid 
weight loss 
tachycardia 
Heat intolerance
Weight loss with increased appetite
Myopathy
Mood swings
Diarrhoea
Tremor of hands
Palpitations
Sore eyes, goitre
eye- Exophthalmos- problem gritty, dry, don’t close at night
49
Q

what causes enlarged thyroid

A

Antibodies bind to and stimulate TSH receptor in the thyroid

Smooth goitre

nuero (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions