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nuero > microcirculation > Flashcards

microcirculation Flashcards

1
Q

what is Blood flow rate

A

– Volume of blood passing through a vessel per unit time

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2
Q

flow circuit equation

A

Q(flow rate) = pressure gradient/resistane

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3
Q

what does vasodialation do

A

Vasodilation is a mechanism to enhance blood flow to areas of the body that are lacking oxygen and/or nutrients. The vasodilation causes a decrease in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and an increase in blood flow, resulting in a reduction of blood pressure.

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4
Q

Resistance

A

Hindrance to blood flow due to friction between moving fluid and stationary vascular walls’

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5
Q

when would the viscoisity of gas matter

A

Altitude
Scuba diving- go down 50m, you would want to reduce o2 and nitrogen, so you would helium
Space flight- fluid ventilation, fill the lung with a fluid that can carry out gas exchange

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6
Q

how to increase pressure gradinet

A

increase blood pressure

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7
Q

how to increase blood flow

A

increase blood pressure

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8
Q

how to increase resistance

A

arteiolar vasoconstriction

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9
Q

how to decrease blood flow

A

arteiolar vasoconstriction

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10
Q

can blood flow without pressure difference

A

: Without this pressure difference blood would not reach tissue capillary beds

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11
Q

blood flow equation

A

F(ORGAN)=change in P (MAP)/R(ORGAN)

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12
Q

what is vascular tone

A

arteriolar smooth muscle are always partially constricted- this is called vascular tone

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13
Q

Radii of arterioles are adjusted independently to accomplish two functions
which are

A

Function 1: Match blood flow to the metabolic needs of specific tissues (depending on body’s momentary needs)

Function 2: Help regulate systemic arterial blood pressure

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14
Q

how is blood flow regulation of arterioles regulated

A

Regulated by local (intrinsic) controls and independent of nervous or endocrine stimulation

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15
Q

what regulates arterioles regulation of blood pressure

A

Regulated by extrinsic controls which travel via nerves or blood and are usually centrally coordinated

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16
Q

what is active hyperaemia

A

Increase in blood in response to local need like exercise hat

is associated with increased metabolic activity of an organ or tissue

17
Q

what causes active hypereamia

A

Vasodilation of arterioles
more metabolites
 more O2 usage

18
Q

what is myogenic autoregulation

A

Myogenic mechanisms are intrinsic to the smooth muscle blood vessels, particularly in small arteries and arterioles. If the pressure within a vessel is suddenly increased, the vessel responds by constricting.

Vasoconstriction of arterioles

19
Q

what can cause myogenic autoregulation

A

low blood temp

more strecth/distention due to high bp

20
Q

skeletal muscle arteioles are more prone to

A

Active hyperaemia

21
Q

and small intestine arterioles

A

Myogenic

vasoconstriction

22
Q

Q: Generate an equation for flow across the whole circulation and rearrange to generate a BP equation.

A

blood pressure= cardiac output x total peripheral resistance

23
Q

what are the 2 methods to regulate arterial blood pressure

A

nervous and hormonal

24
Q

neural control

A

vasoconstriction by cardiovascular control centre in the medulla

25
Q

hormonal

A

vesopressin
angiotensin II
adrelaline and noradrelaline

26
Q

what does ang ii do

A

increases amount of blood volume

pressor/vasoconstriction

27
Q

aldesterone

A

increase blood pressure

28
Q

function of the cappiliries

A

The purpose of capillary exchange is the delivery of metabolic substrates to the cells of the organism [which is the ultimate function of the CVS]

29
Q

Q: Why is capillary density important?

A

enhance diffusion- fick’s law
maximise surface area
minimise diffusion distance

30
Q

what force forces fluid out of cappaliries

A

hydrostatic

31
Q

what pulls it in

A

albumin

oncotic pressure generated by plasma protien

32
Q

why should you measure blood pressure in the heart

A

One reason for not doing upper arm is so you don’t apply pressure to upper arm lymph nodes if the axillary lymph node has been taken out in breast cancer
So do It on forearm

33
Q

what causes oedema

A

If rate of production > rate of drainage

then OEDEMA ensues

34
Q

what is one cause of Elephantiasis

A

parasitic blockage of lymph nodes

Elephantiasis

35
Q

what intrinsic factors affect arterioles

A

Affected by intrinsic factors (chemical & physical; e.g. metabolic activity & stretch) to match blood flow to needs

36
Q

what extrinsic factors

A

Affected by extrinsic factors (neural & hormonal; e.g. SNS activity & adrenaline) to regulate arterial blood pressure

37
Q

what are the capiliry strcutures and their permability

A

continuous vs. fenestrated vs. discontinuous

nuero (36 decks)

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