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nuero > control of lung function > Flashcards

control of lung function Flashcards

1
Q

name the 4 regions in the medulla oblongata

A

Dorsal respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group
Apneustic centre
Pneumotaxic centre

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2
Q

what is the dorsal respiratory centre

main function

A

Inspiratory centre
Main ‘controller’ of inspiration
Set the ‘rate’

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3
Q

where is it

A

posterior in the brainstem

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4
Q

Ventral respiratory group

function

A

Expiratory centre

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5
Q

how active/inactive is it during quiet breathing

A

Inactive during quiet breathing

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6
Q

what does the ventral re gr act on

A

Inhibit apneustic centre

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7
Q

where is it

A

posterior to the DRG

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8
Q

what is Apneustic centre

associated wuth

A

inspiration

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9
Q

what does it stimulate

A

DRG

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10
Q

how is it inhibited

A

Inhibited by pulmonary afferents

VRG

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11
Q

what is Pneumotaxic centre

associated with

A

expiration

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12
Q

what is the main function of the Pneumotaxic centre

A

The ‘inspiratory off switch’

Regulates depth & frequency

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13
Q

DIVE

A

Dorsal inspire

Ventral expire

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14
Q

how does the Pneumotaxic centre inhibit the apneuustic centre

A

apneustic centre stimulated DRG
action potential increases to a certain point/threshold then the Pneumotaxic centre
stops the ap

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15
Q

where do the phrenic (controlling diaphragm) nerves originate from

A

c3 4 5 nerves become

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16
Q

what are the external intercostal. muscle responsible for

A

inspiration

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17
Q

what are the internal intercostal muscle responsible for

A

expiration

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18
Q

difference between normal cappiliries and the blood brain barrier

A

normal capilliries are continous as are blood brain

difference is that BB have tight junctions help more tightly pack

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19
Q

what does that mean

A

the substances that can get into the csf from the blood are heavily restricted

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20
Q

how do protons and hco3- diffuse across the lipid bilayer

A

they can’t pass thru thr BBB
but co2 can and will as it is highly lipid soluble
once in the csf it will undergo the same reactions in the blood e.g. h20 + c02-> h+ +hco3-

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21
Q

which molecule out of those reacts with afferent fibres in the medulla

A

h+

22
Q

what happens

A

project signals to dorsal respiratory group/nucleus to determine what type of rate or rhythm should be created

23
Q

what receptors are there in the airways

A

Irritant receptors
Stretch receptors
J-receptors

24
Q

where are Irritant receptors

A

Afferent receptors embedded within and beneath airway epithelium

25
Q

function and what is it

A

Leads to cough: which involves forceful expiration against a closed glottis with sudden glottal opening & high velocity expulsion of air

26
Q

what activates Stretch receptors

A

Excessive inflation of lungs activates pulmonary stretch receptors

27
Q

what affect in the medulla

A

Afferent signals to respiratory centres inhibit DRG and apneustic centre and stimulate pneumotaxic VRG

28
Q

what is thus the function

A

Inspiration inhibited & expiration stimulated

29
Q

what are j receptors sensitive to

A

Sensitive to oedema and pulmonary capillary engorgement

30
Q

what function do they carry out

A

Increases breathing frequency

31
Q

what occurs when you hold your breath for a prolonged period of time

A 
(when ventilating your arterial o2 and arterial co2  are stable) 
Not replenishing o2 
o2 decreases 
co2 increases 
accumalation of h+ beyong the BBB 
stimulate the medulla to breathe in
32
Q

does the blood buffer

A

The blood has an ENORMOUS buffering capacity that can react almost IMMEDIATELY to imbalances

33
Q

Alkalaemia

A

Refers to high-than-normal pH of blood

34
Q

Acidaemia

A

Refers to lower-than-normal pH of blood

35
Q

Alkalosis

A

Describes circumstances that will decrease [H+] and increase pH

36
Q

Acidosis

A

Describes circumstances that will increase [H+] and decrease pH

37
Q

so alkalosis causes

A

alkalaemia

38
Q

what are ventilatory distubances

A

changes in breathing that then cause a change in ph

then corrected by the kidneys

39
Q

what are metabloic disturbaces

A

any non lung cause of change in ph (normally corrected by the lungs)

40
Q

what is the time scale for changes in ventialtion

A

Changes in ventilation can stimulate a RAPID compensatory response to change CO2 elimination and therefore alter pH

41
Q

describe the timescale for changes made by the kidneys

A

Changes in HCO3- and H+ retention/secretion in the kidneys can stimulate a SLOW compensatory response to increase/decrease pH

42
Q

can emotion change breathing

A

yep

43
Q

can exercise change breathing

A

yes, anything shortening you muscle stimulates increase ventilation
even if you move somelse e.g cycle their legs

44
Q

what can immersing the body in cold water do

A

causes deep breathing
Ventilator
Inspiratory gasp/
hyperventilation

45
Q

what pattern do respitory pacemakers display

A

Respiratory pacemaker displays a ‘ramp potential’ pattern

46
Q

which 2 main nuclei are responsible for inspiration

A

Dorsal respiratory group and apneustic centre control inspiration

47
Q

and expiration

A

Ventral respiratory group and pneumotaxic centre control expiration

48
Q

what stimulates inspiration

A

Central H+ concentration, juxtacapillary oedema/pulmonary engorgement, motor control, limbic system, peripheral O2 concentration, peripheral proprioceptors and skin thermoreceptors

49
Q

what causes expiration

A

Airway stretch receptors, limbic system, motor control

Coughing stimulated by airway irritant receptors

50
Q

what ph is the blood between

A

Blood pH is tightly regulated between 7.35 and 7.45

nuero (36 decks)

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