Topic 1 -10 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is the process by which DNA makes identical copies of itself?
DNA replication
DNA replication allows the genetic information to be passed on.
What is the term for the type of DNA replication where each new DNA molecule contains one original and one new strand?
Semiconservative replication
This method ensures genetic continuity.
What enzyme catalyzes the unwinding of DNA during replication?
DNA helicase
DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds between bases.
What role does DNA polymerase play in DNA replication?
Links adjacent nucleotides
This enzyme is crucial for forming new DNA strands.
What is the function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?
Joins part-formed strands together
DNA ligase creates phosphodiester bonds to complete DNA strands.
How many identical DNA molecules are formed after replication?
Two
Each molecule consists of one original and one new strand.
What is the genetic code?
A system used by all organisms that contain DNA
It dictates how sequences of nucleotides correspond to amino acids.
What are the nucleotide bases that make up the genetic code?
A, G, C, and T
These bases are the building blocks of DNA.
What is a codon?
A sequence of three nucleotide bases
Codons code for specific amino acids, e.g., GGT codes for Glycine.
Is the genetic code overlapping or non-overlapping?
Non-overlapping
For example, TACTTG splits into two codons, TAC and TTG.
What does it mean that the genetic code is degenerate?
Most amino acids are coded for by more than one codon
For instance, Proline is coded for by CCT, CCC, CCA, and CCG.
What is a gene?
A sequence of bases on a DNA strand that codes for a polypeptide chain
Genes dictate the structure of proteins in organisms.
How many bases are needed to code for a polypeptide chain with A amino acids?
((A x 3) + 6)
This includes the start and stop codons.
Fill in the blank: A gene is a sequence of bases that codes for a sequence of _______ in a polypeptide chain.
amino acids
Each amino acid is represented by a triplet code.
