Topic 6 -7 Flashcards
(15 cards)
Describe the modes of transmission for the influenza virus.
The influenza virus is transmitted through droplet infection, which occurs when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing virus-filled mucus into the air.
How does the stem rust fungus affect cereal crop yields?
The stem rust fungus can reduce cereal crop yields by 50-80%, significantly impacting agricultural productivity.
Define the mode of infection for the stem rust fungus.
The stem rust fungus infects plants when its hyphae enter through the stomata of the leaves.
Explain how viruses enter host cells.
Viruses attach to specific cell surface proteins to enter a host cell, with some proteins being unique to certain cell types.
Identify a non-bacterial pathogen and its associated disease.
The influenza virus is a non-bacterial pathogen that causes influenza infection.
What is the role of enzymes in the infection process of the stem rust fungus?
Enzymes, such as cellulase, produced by the stem rust fungus digest the plant cells, facilitating infection.
Discuss the environmental factors that aid in the transmission of the
stem rust fungus.
Wind carries spores from infected plants, and spores can germinate in water on plant surfaces, aiding in the spread of the fungus.
How does direct contact contribute to the transmission of the influenza virus?
Direct contact with surfaces contaminated with virus-filled mucus can lead to the transmission of the influenza virus.
Describe the mode of infection caused by the fungus. Influenza
The fungus infects ciliated epithelial cells of the lungs, leading to nutrient absorption by the fungus and loss of nutrients from the host.
How does viral RNA affect the host cell’s biochemistry?
Viral RNA takes over the biochemistry of the cell, causing it to produce new virus particles.
Define the pathogenic effects of the infection on plants.
The infection leads to the appearance of red pustules that break through the leaf surface, causing the plant to lose control over water loss.
What are some common symptoms experienced during the infection?
Symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, coughing, headache, muscular aches, tiredness, and fever.
Explain the duration of the disease and recovery time.
The disease lasts for about 5-7 days, with full recovery taking 6-12 weeks.
Identify potential complications that may arise from the infection.
Secondary bacterial infections may occur where epithelial tissue is damaged.
How does the infection impact the respiratory system?
The infection can lead to respiratory symptoms such as difficulty breathing and coughing.
