Topic 6 -13 Flashcards
(14 cards)
What results from the production of memory cells?
A secondary immune response to further infection
Memory cells are formed after the initial exposure to an antigen, enhancing the immune response upon subsequent exposures.
What are the two main types of immunity?
Natural and artificially stimulated
Immunity can be categorized based on its origin, whether it occurs naturally or through artificial means.
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
Active involves a response from immune cells; passive provides short-term protection
Active immunity is generated by the immune system responding to antigens, while passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies.
What is the role of vaccination in disease control?
Vaccination can control disease and develop herd immunity
Vaccines stimulate the immune system to prepare it for potential infections.
What characterizes a secondary immune response?
Faster and greater response to future exposure
The secondary response leads to fewer symptoms due to the presence of memory cells.
List the benefits of a secondary immune response.
- Shorter lag period due to more specific lymphocytes in circulation
- More rapid production of effector cells
- Greater production of antibody or T killer cells
These benefits enhance the body’s ability to fight off infections more efficiently.
What types of immunity are included under active immunity?
- natural infection
- vaccination
Fill in the blank: A vaccine uses _______ from pathogens in a harmless form to cause a primary response.
[key learning term: antigens]
Vaccines introduce antigens to stimulate an immune response without causing disease.
What is the effect of real infection after vaccination?
It causes a secondary response
This leads to a more robust immune response due to pre-existing memory cells.
What is passive immunity provided by?
Antibodies in milk or antiserum
Passive immunity involves the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another, offering temporary protection.
What is herd immunity?
When enough people have been vaccinated to make disease transmission very unlikely
Herd immunity protects those who cannot be vaccinated by reducing overall disease prevalence.
True or False: Vaccination has eradicated smallpox.
True
Smallpox is the first disease to be eradicated through vaccination efforts.
Why do some people avoid vaccines?
They don’t understand the benefits
Misunderstandings about vaccine safety and efficacy contribute to vaccine hesitancy.
What are potential risks of vaccines?
Very occasionally cause disease or an allergic reaction
Although rare, adverse reactions can occur, emphasizing the need for informed consent and education.
