Topic 13: Coordination and response Flashcards
What carries electrical impulses in the body?
Neurones.
What are the two parts of the mammalian nervous system?
Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).
What is the CNS made of?
Brain and spinal cord.
What is the PNS made of?
Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
What is the function of the nervous system?
To coordinate and regulate body functions.
What does a motor neurone do?
Sends impulses from CNS to muscles or glands.
What does a sensory neurone do?
Sends impulses from receptors to the CNS.
What does a relay neurone do?
Connects sensory and motor neurones inside the CNS.
What is a reflex action?
An automatic and fast response to a stimulus.
What is a reflex arc?
Pathway of a reflex involving receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → effector.
What is a synapse?
A gap between neurones where impulses pass using neurotransmitters.
What is a sense organ?
A group of receptor cells responding to a stimulus.
What are rod cells for?
Seeing in dim light (black and white).
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger made by glands and carried in blood.
What does adrenaline do?
Increases heart rate, breathing, and pupil size for ‘fight or flight’.
What does insulin do?
Lowers blood glucose levels.
What does glucagon do?
Raises blood glucose levels.
What does testosterone do?
Controls male sexual development.
What does oestrogen do?
Controls female sexual development.
What is homeostasis?
Keeping the internal environment constant.
What is negative feedback?
A control system that reverses a change to keep conditions stable.
What organ controls blood glucose levels?
The pancreas.
What does the liver do with glucose?
Stores it as glycogen or releases it when needed.
What is the ideal body temperature?
About 37°C.
