Topic 4: Biological Molecules Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are carbohydrates made of?
It is made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO),
What are fats and oils made of?
It is made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO),
What are proteins made of?
It is made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur (CHON{S}),
What smaller molecules form starch, glycogen, and cellulose?
It is glucose,
What smaller molecules form fats and oils?
It is fatty acids and glycerol,
What smaller molecules form proteins?
It is amino acids,
What is the test for starch?
It is the iodine solution test, which turns blue-black if starch is present and brown if negative,
What is the test for reducing sugars?
It is the Benedict’s solution test, which turns brick red if reducing sugars are present and blue if negative,
What is the test for proteins?
It is the Biuret test, which turns purple or violet if proteins are present and blue if negative,
What is the test for fats and oils?
It is the ethanol emulsion test, which forms a cloudy emulsion if fats or oils are present,
What is the test for Vitamin C?
It is the DCPIP test, which turns colorless if Vitamin C is present and blue if negative,
What is the structure of DNA?
It consists of two strands coiled together to form a double helix, with bases A pairing with T and C pairing with G,
What is a monosaccharide?
It is a single sugar molecule, like glucose,
What is a disaccharide?
It is when two monosaccharides join together, like maltose,
What is a polysaccharide?
It is when many monosaccharides join together, like starch, glycogen, or cellulose,
What is a fatty acid and glycerol molecule?
It is the basic unit of fats, where one glycerol molecule bonds with three fatty acid chains,
What is an amino acid?
It is the smaller unit that joins together to form proteins,
What are the bases in DNA?
It is adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), where A pairs with T, and C pairs with G,
Why does the DNA molecule form a double helix?
It is due to the base pairs bonding with each other, holding the two strands together,
