Topic 15: Reproduction

Question 1

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 1

Production of genetically identical offspring from one parent.

Question 2

Example of asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

Bacteria using binary fission.

Question 3

One advantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 3

It’s fast and doesn’t need a mate.

Question 4

One disadvantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 4

No genetic variation.

Question 5

Why is asexual reproduction risky in nature?

Answer 5

All offspring can be affected by disease or change.

Question 6

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Fusion of two gametes to form a zygote with different offspring.

Question 7

What is fertilisation?

Answer 7

Fusion of nuclei from sperm and egg.

Question 8

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Answer 8

Haploid (half set of chromosomes).

Question 9

Is a zygote haploid or diploid?

Answer 9

Diploid (full set of chromosomes).

Question 10

One advantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 10

Creates variation.

Question 11

One disadvantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 11

Takes more time and energy.

Question 12

What is a species?

Answer 12

A group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring.

Question 13

What is pollination?

Answer 13

Transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.

Question 14

What happens during fertilisation in plants?

Answer 14

Pollen nucleus fuses with ovule nucleus.

Question 15

Function of sepal?

Answer 15

Protects the flower bud.

Question 16

Function of anther?

Answer 16

Makes pollen (male gametes).

Question 17

Function of stigma?

Answer 17

Where pollen lands.

Question 18

One feature of insect-pollinated flowers?

Answer 18

Bright petals and scent.

Question 19

One feature of wind-pollinated flowers?

Answer 19

Small, dull petals.

Question 20

What are the 3 conditions needed for seed germination?

Answer 20

Water, oxygen, and a suitable temperature.

Question 21

Where are sperm made?

Answer 21

In the testes.

Question 22

What is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 22

Holds the testes.

Question 23

What carries sperm to the urethra?

Answer 23

Sperm duct.

Question 24

What does the prostate gland do?

Answer 24

Makes fluid for semen.

Question 25

What carries semen to the tip of the penis?

Answer 25

Urethra.

Question 26

Where does a fetus grow?

Answer 26

Uterus.

Question 27

Where are eggs made?

Answer 27

Ovaries.

Question 28

What carries the egg to the uterus?

Answer 28

Oviduct (fallopian tube).

Question 29

What happens at fertilisation?

Answer 29

Sperm and egg nuclei fuse.

Question 30

What does the sperm's flagellum do?

Answer 30

Helps it swim.

Question 31

Why do sperm have mitochondria?

Answer 31

To make energy for swimming.

Question 32

What do acrosome enzymes do?

Answer 32

Digest the egg's jelly coat.

Question 33

Why does an egg have energy stores?

Answer 33

To help the zygote grow.

Question 34

What happens to the egg's jelly coat at fertilisation?

Answer 34

It changes to block more sperm.

Question 35

What does testosterone do?

Answer 35

Starts male puberty changes.

Question 36

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 36

Starts female puberty changes.

Question 37

What is a primary sexual characteristic?

Answer 37

Organs present at birth.

Question 38

What is a secondary sexual characteristic?

Answer 38

Changes during puberty (e.g., hair growth).

Question 39

What is an STI?

Answer 39

An infection spread by sexual contact/

Question 40

What virus causes AIDS?

Answer 40

HIV.

Question 41

How is HIV spread?

Answer 41

Through body fluids like blood or semen.

Question 42

One way to prevent STIs?

Answer 42

Use condoms.