Topic 9: Transport in animals Flashcards by Nirwan Pulahinge

Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

Blood vessels + heart + valves.

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Q

What is single circulation?

A

Blood passes heart once per cycle (fish).

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Q

How many chambers in a fish heart?

A

Two: 1 atrium, 1 ventricle.

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Q

Where does blood get oxygenated in fish?

A

Gills.

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Q

What is double circulation?

A

Blood passes heart twice per cycle (mammals).

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Q

Why is double circulation better?

A

Higher pressure → faster oxygen delivery.

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Q

Which side of the heart carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Right side.

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Q

Right atrium receives blood from?

A

Vena cava.

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Q

Right ventricle pumps blood to?

A

Lungs (pulmonary artery).

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Q

Left atrium receives blood from?

A

Lungs (pulmonary vein).

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Q

Left ventricle pumps blood to?

A

Body (aorta).

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Q

Function of septum?

A

Separates oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

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Q

Why is the left ventricle wall thicker?

A

Pumps blood all around body.

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Q

What do valves do?

A

Prevent backflow.

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Q

Names of heart valves?

A

Atrioventricular and semilunar.

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Q

What happens when atria contract?

A

Blood moves to ventricles.

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Q

What happens when ventricles contract?

A

Blood moves to arteries.

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Q

How is heart activity monitored?

Study These Flashcards

A

ECG, pulse rate, stethoscope.

Q

Effect of exercise on heart rate?

Study These Flashcards

A

Increases for more oxygen to muscles.

Q

Why faster heartbeat during exercise?

Study These Flashcards

A

More energy for muscle contraction.

Q

What is CHD?

Study These Flashcards

A

Coronary arteries blocked → less blood to heart.

Q

Effect of CHD?

Study These Flashcards

A

Heart attack.

Q

Risk factors for CHD?

Study These Flashcards

A

Fatty diet, smoking, inactivity.

Q

Prevention of CHD?

Study These Flashcards

A

Healthy diet, no smoking, exercise.

Function of arteries?

Carry blood away from heart.

Function of veins?

Carry blood to heart.

Function of capillaries?

Exchange substances with cells.

Structure of arteries?

Thick wall, small lumen, high pressure.

Structure of veins?

Thin wall, large lumen, valves.

Structure of capillaries?

One-cell thick wall, large surface area.

Vena cava carries blood to?

Right atrium.

Aorta carries blood to?

Body.

Pulmonary artery carries blood to?

Lungs.

Pulmonary vein carries blood to?

Left atrium.

4 components of blood?

Red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma.

Function of red blood cells?

Carry oxygen with haemoglobin.

Function of white blood cells?

Fight infection.

What do phagocytes do?

Engulf pathogens.

What do lymphocytes do?

Make antibodies.

Function of platelets?

Help clot blood.

What does plasma carry?

Cells, CO₂, urea, hormones, nutrients.

Why is clotting important?

Stops bleeding and pathogens entering.

What is phagocytosis?

Phagocyte engulfs and digests a microbe.

What is an antibody?

Y-shaped protein that sticks to pathogens.