Topic 3: Movement in and out of cells Flashcards
What is diffusion?
It is the movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration,
Give an example of diffusion in the human body.
It is oxygen diffusing from the lungs into the blood,
What is osmosis?
It is the movement of water from a high to a low water potential through a partially permeable membrane,
Give an example of osmosis in plants.
It is water entering root hair cells from the soil,
What is active transport?
It is the movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy,
Give an example of active transport.
It is the uptake of mineral ions by plant root cells,
What factors affect diffusion rate?
It is temperature, concentration gradient, surface area, and distance,
What happens to a plant cell in a hypertonic solution?
It becomes plasmolysed as water leaves the cell,
What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution?
It may burst due to excess water intake,
Why does a plant cell not burst in pure water?
It is because the cell wall provides support and prevents bursting,
What is a partially permeable membrane?
It is a membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others,
What is meant by concentration gradient?
It is the difference in concentration between two areas,
Why is diffusion important?
It is important because it allows exchange of gases and nutrients in organisms,
Why is osmosis important to plants?
It is important because it maintains turgidity for support and nutrient transport,
What is turgor pressure?
It is the pressure of the cytoplasm against the cell wall in plant cells,
What is flaccid?
It is a plant cell that has lost water and become soft,
What is plasmolysis?
It is the shrinking of the cytoplasm due to water loss in a hypertonic solution,
What happens in an isotonic solution?
It is when there is no net movement of water across the membrane,
How does temperature affect diffusion?
It is that higher temperatures increase kinetic energy and diffusion rate,
What is facilitated diffusion?
It is diffusion through membrane proteins without energy usage,
