Topic 13: Lymphatic System Flashcards
what does the lymphatic system include?
-one way network of lymphatic vessels
-lymph nodes (contain T and B lymphocytes)
-lymphoid cells, tissues, and organs (support)
what is the purpose of the t and b lymphocytes?
-to identify and remove bacteria, viruses, cancer cells
what are the major extracellular fluids in the lymphatic system?
-blood plasma (fluid in the blood) (small amount)
-interstitial fluid (surrounds tissue cells) (NOT BLOOD CELLS) (larger amount)
-lymph (inside lymphatic vessels (very small amount)
what systems does the lymphatic system support?
-cardiovascular system
-immune system
what is lymph?
-watery fluid
-basically just interstitial fluid that has been moved to a new location
what is the lymphatic systems main purpose?
-drain extra interstitial fluid from the tissue spaces and return it to the blood
-maintenance of blood volume
what is the circulation of lymph?
-enters lymphatic capillaries
-lymphatic capillaries connect to lymphatic collecting vessels
-lymphatic collecting vessels bring lymph to one of the two lymphatic ducts
-the lymphatic ducts bring lymph to the subclavian veins which return lymph to the cardiovascular system
what are along the lymphatic vessels? what is their purpose?
-lymph nodes
-filter lymph of bacteria and debris
where is lymph fluid transported so it can re-enter circulation after it is moved into the collecting vessels?
-one of two different ducts
-right lymphatic duct
-thoracic duct
-depending on location
what is the pathway of the right lymphatic duct?
-takes the lymph from the right of your head, chest, arm
-drains into the right subclavian vein to re-enter circulation
what is lymph named after it is returned to circulation?
-plasma
what is the pathway of the thoracic duct?
-takes the lymph from the entire left side of the body and below the ribs on the right side
-collecting vessels below the ribs will move to the cisterna chyli
-drains into the left subclavian vein to re-enter circulation
what type of pressure do lymphatic vessels work under? how does fluid move through the vessels?
-low pressure
-moves as a result of body movements (muscle contractions moving the fluid towards the heart)
what is the cisterna chyli?
-the most inferior portion of the thoracic duct
-NOT the starting point
-enlarged portion
-apart of the duct itself
does all lymph that goes through the thoracic duct enter the cisterna chyli?
-nope
-lymph will not go against the flow
-upper body portions enter the thoracic duct at the nearest spot
-only lower body portions will enter the cisterna chyli
what are the primary lymphatic organs and tissues?
-red bone marrow
-thymus gland
what occurs in the red bone marrow?
-lymphocyte stem cells arise
-site of B lymphocyte proliferation + maturation (mitosis)
what occurs in the thymus gland?
-in the fetal stage lymphocyte stem cells will migrate here
-site of T lymphocyte proliferation + maturation (mitosis)
what are the secondary lymphatic organs and tissues?
-lymph nodes
-spleen
-mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
do the lymphocytes proliferate in the secondary organs and tissues?
-yes
-when infection occurs they will need to greatly increase numbers so they proliferate further upon the bodies need
what are the high concentration locations of lymph nodes along the body?
-cervical (neck)
-axillary (armpit)
-inguinal (groin)
-pelvic
-intestinal
what is the purpose of the spleen?
-filters the blood to remove pathogens (organisms that can cause disease like bacteria and viruses), old and defective blood cells, and cellular debris
what is the purpose of MALT (mucosal associated lymphoid tissue)?
-trap and remove pathogens at points of entry within the body
-located in tonsils, the appendix, and other lymphoid tissues on mucous membranes
-essentially masses/accumulations of lymphoid tissue
what are the 3 kinds of tonsils?
-pharyngeal - 1
-palatine - 2
-lingual - 1
