Topic 1.7 Flashcards
Comparison from 1200 to 1500 (18 cards)
What happened to states between 1200 and 1450?
- How did the world follow this trend?
States in core areas of civilization grew larger while smaller states declined.
- Much of the world followed this trend of building more centralized, more powerful states (state-building)
Who became the largest land-based empire in world history?
The military strength of the Mongols created the largest land-based empire in world history.
What religion was a key part of state-building and in what regions?
In West Africa, The Middle East, and South Asia, the religion of Islam was a key part of state-building.
How did Europe gain a greater impact?
- Both internal and external trade
- With more advanced civilizations of the Middle East
What kind of society began to wane because of the growth of more centralized states?
Nomadic Societies
Which new empires and states emerged in this time and where?
- China: The Song Dynasty
- Middle East: Abbasid Caliphate -> followed by Muslim ruled states
- South + SE Asia: The Chola Kingdom, The Vijayanagar Empire, Delhi Sultanate
- Africa: Mali
- Americas: Aztecs, Incas, Mayas
- Europe: Feudal ties declined and centralized states developed
- Japan: Became decentralized and feudal
One similarity in much of the world that was a vital part of state-building?
- Example?
Religion
- Turned to religion to strengthen political control over their territory, and to help unite a diverse population
ex: Islam used the Arabic Language to unify West Africa
How did China rely on religion?
- The Song Dynasty relied on Confucian scholars to tun a powerful, enduring bureaucracy.
- No other state has such a well established and extensive system for conducting government affairs across such a large country
How did Neo-Confucianism effect Japan and Korea?
Allowed rulers in these East Asian regions to justify and consolidate their political power as well.
What religions did South and SE Asia rely on?
Hinduism and Buddhism
- Aided them in strengthening their states
How was state-building with religious influence different in Europe?
- Sometimes the Church was part of the state building process.
- Since European states were so weak for most of the Middle Ages, the Church had provided an alternative structure for organizing society.
- Between 1200 and 1450, as more powerful states emerged in France and the Holy Roman Empire, the Church sometimes became a rival power.
How did religion spread during this time?
- Islam, Buddhism, and Christianity encouraged their followers to influence others
- Missionaries
- Military Invasions
- Trade
Describe how state-building was influenced by trade
- Cross-Cultural Exchanges of technology and innovation increased
- Innovations in Crop Rotation to feed the growing population
- Production of luxury goods increased
- Paper Manufacturing
- Advances in Math and Medicine
- These interactions with Asia contributed to European state-building
What held back state-building?
- The Manorial System and Serfdom
How did Nomadic cultures influence state-building?
- Mongols
- Political stability during their rule allowed trade across Eurasia to flourish
- Cross cultural interactions and transfers intensified (Europe and China)
- Turkish Peoples
- Built separate empires
- The Seljuks and Ottomans became dominant forces
What became among the last major impact of the interactions between settled and nomadic peoples?
- The creation of the Mongols and the Turkic Empires
How did Nomadic influence become diminished?
They were replaced by organized groups of merchants and trading companies.
Four Types of State-Building
- Examples
- Emergence of New States
- Mamluks, Seljuks, Delhi Sultanate
- Revival of Former Empires
- Song Dynasty, Mali, Holy Roman Empire
- Synthesis of Different Traditions
- Japan, Delhi Sultanate, Neo-Confucianism
- Expansion in Scope
- Aztecs, Incas, City-States in Africa and SE Asia
