Topic 3: Cellular Level of Organization

Question 1

Semipermeable, outer structure of cell

Answer 1

cell membrane

Question 2

Composition of cell membrane

Answer 2

double-layer of phospholipids

Question 3

Double-layer of phospholipids orientation

Answer 3

Phosphate head on outside - Hydrophilic

Lipid tails on inside - Hydrophobic

Question 4

passive movement of substances from regions of highconcentration to regions of low concentration

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

passive movement of water molecules across asemi-permeable membrane

Answer 5

Osmosis

Question 6

More selective/precise barrier than semi-permeable.

Answer 6

Selectively-Permeable

Question 7

particle concentration outside the cell compared toinside the cell

Answer 7

Tonicity

Question 8

equal concentrations outside vs. inside

Answer 8

Isotonic

Question 9

Greater concentration outside vs inside

Answer 9

Hypertonic

Question 10

Lower concentration outside vs inside

Answer 10

Hypotonic

Question 11

forced movement of fluid across a membrane whosepores restrict the passage of solutes based on their size

Answer 11

Filtration

Question 12

movement of a substance across thecell membrane by means of a protein carrier

Answer 12

carrier-mediated transport

Question 13

Passive movement along a concentrated gradient

Answer 13

Facilitated diffusion

Question 14

ATP-driven movement against aconcentration gradient

Answer 14

Active transport

Question 15

Moving things in/out of cell

Answer 15

Vesicular transport

Question 16

Transport something INTO the cell

Answer 16

Endocytosis

Question 17

Vesicular movement of fluids

Answer 17

Pinocytosis

Question 18

vesicular movement of extracellular substances (solids)

Answer 18

Phagocytosis

Question 19

Receptors on the outside collect a specific molecule. Once enough receptors have the specific molecule, they pull into the cell to create a vesicle, travel thru the cell, release the molecules and make their way back to the membrane to collect more.

Answer 19

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 20

Transport of substances OUT of the cell (exit the cell)

Answer 20

Exocytosis

Question 21

Everything inside the cell membrane besides the nucleus

Answer 21

Cytoplasm

Question 22

Network of interconnected membranes, forming sacs and canals which transport/store materials within the cell

Answer 22

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 23

Ribosomes where protein is synthesized

Answer 23

Rough ER

Question 24

“ER” associated with lipid production (no ribosomes associated)

Answer 24

Smooth ER

Question 25

Manufactures protein

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

Handles protein particles that will be exported

Answer 26

Fixed ribosomes

Question 27

Handles protein that get used within the cell

Answer 27

Free robisomes

Question 28

Stack of interconnected flattened, membranous sacs, usually located near the cell nucleus

Answer 28

Golgi Apparatus

Question 29

Processes protein molecules for secretion

Answer 29

Golgi apparatus

Question 30

Membranous sacs/Storage & Transport compartments

Answer 30

Vesicles

Question 31

Cell's "power plant"/ Cite of ATP production

Answer 31

Mitochondria

Question 32

Looks like vesical; Has Plasma membrane; | Has digestive chemicals; "janitorial dept of cell" - digests nutrients

Answer 32

Lysosomes

Question 33

How do bodily cells differ?

Answer 33

size, shape, structure & function

Question 34

Extensions of the cell’s surface, supported by microfilaments andmicrotubules. Microvilli

Answer 34

Cilia (shorter) | Flagella (longer)

Question 35

Only human flagella

Answer 35

Sperm cell

Question 36

Spherical, non-membranous mass located near cell nucleus, consisting of two rod-like centrioles (which are composed of microtubules) Participate in cell reproduction

Answer 36

Centrosomes

Question 37

Home of the cell's genetic material

Answer 37

Cell Nucleus

Question 38

Small, dense body of protein and ribonucleic acid (RNA) in nucleus. Forms ribosomes.

Answer 38

Nucleolus

Question 39

Uncondensed chromosomes (protein + deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA])

Answer 39

Chromatin

Question 40

Somatic cell division

Answer 40

Mitosis - Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 41

interphase - normal cell function

Answer 41

G0 phase

Question 42

interphase - cytoplasmic preparation for cell division

Answer 42

G1 phase

Question 43

interphase - duplication of DNA and chromosomes

Answer 43

S phase

Question 44

interphase - last minute preparations for cell division

Answer 44

G2 phase

Question 45

Duplicated chromosomes coalesce out of the chromatin; two chromatids held together by a centromere (phase of mitosis)

Answer 45

Prophase

Question 46

Chromosomes line up individually along the cell's equatorial plane

Answer 46

Metaphase

Question 47

Chromatids separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the cell

Answer 47

Anaphase

Question 48

Formation of new nuclear and cell membranes; cytokinesis

Answer 48

Telophase

Question 49

Sex cell division, production of male and female gametes

Answer 49

Meiosis

Question 50

S phase and DNA/chromosome duplicate (meiosis)

Answer 50

Interphase

Question 51

REDUCTION of chromosomes from diploid to haploid

Answer 51

Meiosis I

Question 52

Duplicated chromosomes coalesce out of the chromatin (meiosis I)

Answer 52

Prophase I

Question 53

Chromosomes line up along the cell's equatorial plane as HOMOLOGOUS pairs

Answer 53

Metaphase I

Question 54

Chromosomes separate from their homologous partner and migrate to opposite poles

Answer 54

Anaphase I

Question 55

Formation of new nuclear and cell membranes; cytokinesis | haploid number in each cell

Answer 55

Telophase I

Question 56

Division of the sister chromatids

Answer 56

Meiosis II

Question 57

Chromosomes coalesce out of the chromatin (meiosis II)

Answer 57

Prophase II

Question 58

Chromosomes line up INDIVIDUALLY along the cell's equatorial plane (meiosis II)

Answer 58

Metaphase II

Question 59

Chromatids separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the cell (meiosis II)

Answer 59

Anaphase II

Question 60

Four daughter cells

Answer 60

Telophase II

Question 61

Male sex cell formation resulting in four viable gametes (4 sperm cells)

Answer 61

Spermatogenesis

Question 62

Female sex cell formation resulting in one viable gamete + two or three polar bodies due to uneven division of cytoplasm.

Answer 62

Oogenesis

Question 63

Two stages of protein synthesis

Answer 63

TRANSCRIPTION: copying/making messenger RNA (mRNA) to be transferred to ribosomes. TRANSLATION of mRNA at the ribosomes into a string of amino acids