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W/Physiology > Topic 8.8 > Flashcards

Topic 8.8 Flashcards

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1
Q

5 structures that influence motor functions

A
  • medulla
  • midbrain
  • cerebellum
  • basal ganglia
  • motor cortex
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2
Q

Which brodmann area is the primary motor cortex?

A

brodmann’s area 4

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3
Q

Which brodmann area is the premotor cortex?

A

brodmann area 6

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4
Q

Where does the movement “decision” begin?

A

in associative areas or the cortex

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5
Q

What is the motor plan?

A

It identifies the muscles that need to contract, how much they need to contract, in what sequence

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6
Q

Which structures will also influence the planning and execution stages of the motor plan?

A

basal ganglia and cerebellum

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7
Q

What is the primary motor cortex responsible for?

A

execution of a movement

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8
Q

How is the motor cortex organized?

A

topographically (musculotropic organization)

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9
Q

Which muscle is NOT controlateral?

A

The tongue

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10
Q

What are the premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex responsible for?

A

generating a plan of movement

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11
Q

What are the lateral spinal motor pathways responsible for?

A

for conscious control of movements of the extremities

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12
Q

What are the 2 lateral motor pathways?

A
  • lateral corticospinal tracts

- rubrospinal tract

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13
Q

1st and 2nd order neurons of the lateral corticospinal tract

A

1st : betz cells + cells of lamina V of cortex

2nd : pontine nuclei

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14
Q

Decussation of lateral corticospinal tract

A

in the medulla oblongata

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15
Q

Course in SP of lateral corticospinal tract

A

in the controlateral lateral funiculus

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16
Q

Destination of lateral corticospinal tract

A

It synapses with motor neurons in the ventral horn

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17
Q

Function of lateral corticospinal tract?

A

Fine and precise movement

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18
Q

1st and 2nd order neurons of rubrospinal tract

A

1st : red nucleus (magnocellular portion)

2nd : alpha motor neurons (upper cervical segments)

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19
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract decussate?

A

anterior tegmentum decussation (in midbrain)

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20
Q

Course of rubrospinal tract in SP

A

controlateral lateral funiculus

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21
Q

destination of rubrospinal tract?

A

Synapse with motor neurons in ventral horn

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22
Q

Function of rubrospinal tract (2)

A
  • muscle tone, body position

- gait

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23
Q

What are medial motor pathways involved in?

A

unconscious control of movements in the extremeties

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24
Q

4 medial motor pathways

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Anterior corticospinal
  2. Reticulospinal
  3. Tectospinal
  4. Vestibulospinal
25
1st and 2nd order neuron of anterior corticospinal tract
1st : betz cells and cells of lamina V of cortex | 2nd : pontine nuclei
26
Course of anterior corticospinal tract in SP
ipsilateral anterior funiculus
27
Decussation of anterior corticospinal tract
anterior white commissure
28
Destination of anterior corticospinal tract
synapse at ventral horn
29
Function of anterior corticospinal tract
gross / large movement
30
2 reticulospinal tracts
- pontine reticulospinal tract | - medullary reticulospinal tract
31
Origin of pontine reticulospinal tract
medial pontine reticular formation
32
Termination of pontine reticulospinal tract
ipsylateral medial group of interneurons
33
Function of pontine reticulospinal tract
excites motor neurons to the proximal extensors to support posture
34
Origin of medullary reticulospinal tract
neurons of the medulla
35
Course of medullary reticulospinal tract
anterior lateral funiculus
36
Function of medullary corticospinal tract
inhibits motor neurons to the proximal extensors
37
Origin of tectospinal tract
superior colliculus
38
Decussation of tectospinal tract
dorsal tegmental decussation
39
Course of tectospinal tract
in anterior funiculus
40
Function of tectospinal tract
regulation of head movement in response to stimuli
41
Vestibulospinal tracts (2)
- lateral vestibulospinal tract | - medial vestibulospinal tract
42
Course of lateral vestibulospinal tract
descends ipsylaterally throuogh anterior funiculus
43
Function of vestibulospinal tract (3)
- excites motor neurons to proximal extensors - inhibits flexor motorneurons - assists postural adjustements after accelerations of the head
44
Course of medial vestibulospinal tract
- anterior funiculus to the midthoracic levels
45
Function of medial vestibulospinal tract
adjusts head position in response to acceleration
46
What are the postural reflexes for?
For subconscious maintenance of the body's posture, ensures the body remains upright and aligned
47
4 categories of postural reflexes
- spinal - medullary - midbrain - cerebral
48
Medullary reflexes (2)
- tonic neck reflex | - tonic labyrinthine reflex
49
Receptors for tonic neck reflex
neck proprioceptors
50
Tonic labyrinthine reflex receptors
otolithic organs (gravity)
51
What is tonic labyrinthine reflex?
tilting a baby's head backwards while lying on the back causes stiffening of the back and straightening of the legs
52
Midbrain reflexes (2)
- Righting reflexes | - Conjugated eye movement
53
Receptors of righting reflexes
proprioceptors : muscle spindles / exteroceptors
54
Types of midbrain righting reflexes
- neck righting reflex - body on head - body on body
55
What is conjugated eye movement reflex?
movement of both eyes in the same direction for a binocular gase
56
Cerebral reflexes (3)
- optical righting reflex - placing reaction - hopping reaction
57
Types of abnormal posturing (2)
- decerebrate | - decorticate
58
Cause for decerebrate posture
caused by brainstem damage, below the red nucleus
59
Cause for decorticate posture
caused by damage at the junction of diencephalon and upper midbrain

W/Physiology (31 decks)

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