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Topic list 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 factors that affect proximal tubule reabsorption?

A
  • Acetazolamide (inhibits carbonic anhydrase)
  • Mercury compounds (inhibit aquaporins)
  • Non reabsorbed osmolytes (draw water back in the tubule)
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2
Q

What can affect processes in the loop of Henle?

A

Furosemide, it inhibits the Na+/2Cl-/K+ co transporter

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3
Q

What inhibits the NaCl cotransporter in the distal tubule?

A

thiazide diuretics

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4
Q

What can enhance Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

A

Aldosterone via ENaC expression regulation

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5
Q

What can decrease Na+ reabsorption in the collecting ducts? (2)

A
  • ANP : ENaC inhibition

- Amiloride : ENaC inhibition but spares K+

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6
Q

What cells can be found in the collecting duct? (2)

A

Principal cells and intercalated cells (alpha and beta)

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7
Q

What is countercurrent multiplication?

A

A process which creates a gradient for reabsorption of water by the kidneys

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8
Q

What is countercurrent exchange?

A

A passive process between interstitium and vasa recta that maintains the gradient

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9
Q

Which processes does ATII stimulate? (4)

A
  1. Aldosterone synthesis
  2. Na/H exchange in proximal tubule
  3. Thirst centres + ADH secretion
  4. Vasoconstriction
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10
Q

What are the 3 ways to correct LECV?

A
  • Renal sympathetic nerve activity
  • ADH / AVP
  • ANP
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11
Q

What is buffer base?

A

amount of strong acid that needs to be added to 1L of fully oxygenated blood in order to restore to standard conditions

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12
Q

Intracellular buffer systems

A
  • hemoglobin

- organic phosphates

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13
Q

Extracellular buffer systems

A
  • bicarbonate
  • phosphate
  • protein
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14
Q

What is NAE?

A

Net acid excretion, the total amount of acid excreted in the urine per unit time

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15
Q

NAE=?

A

NAE = titratable acidity + NH4+ excretion - HCO3- excretion

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16
Q

Starling forces

A

Forces that combine to drive fluid out of the capillaries into the Bowman space

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17
Q

NUP = ?

A

(Pc - Pb) - (PIc - PIb)

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18
Q

2 capillary networks of kidney

A
  • glomerular capillaries

- peritubular capillaries / vasa recta

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19
Q

What is tubuloglomerular feedback dependant on?

20
Q

on what receptors do adenosine bind?

Study These Flashcards
A

A1 receptor, gi coupled

21
Q

On which cells is A1R?

Study These Flashcards
A

extraglomerular mesengial cells

22
Q

Which receptor do we find on afferent and efferent arterioles?

Study These Flashcards
A

afferent : alpha1

efferent : beta1

23
Q

4 key paramateres of renal function

Study These Flashcards
A
  • RBF
  • RPF
  • GFR
  • FF (GFR / RPF)
24
Q

What approximates RPF?

Study These Flashcards
A

clearance of PAH (para amino hippurate)

25
What approximates GFR?
- clearance of inulin | - clearance of creatinin
26
Na+ reabsorption with glucose 2 transporters :
- SGLT | - Glut 2
27
What does glucose reabsortion with Na do?
causes negative potential in the tubular fluid
28
What can inhibit Na+ reabsorption with pi, AA?
PTH (parathormone), increase cAMP, inhibits symporter
29
What is the diluting segment of the loop of henle?
TAL
30
What does furosemide do?
inhibit 2Cl / K+ / Na+ cotransporter in TAL
31
Channel in the distal convoluted tubule
Na+ / Cl- co transporter
32
Receptor for ADH in kidney
V2R (Gs coupled)
33
Role of alpha and beta intercalated cells
alpha : secrete H+ | beta : secrete HCO3-
34
Osmoreceptors of the CNS (2)
- Vascular organ of lamina terminalis | - Subfornical organ
35
Which cells synthesize ADH?
magnocellular cells
36
What is concentrating capacity related to?
Medullary thickness
37
2 steps of countercurrent multiplication
- single effect | - flow of fluid
38
Where does ADH increase urea permeability?
at inner medullary collecting duct
39
What happens when we need to concentrate the kidney? (hyperosmotic urine)
higher ADH level is released
40
What happens to interstitial osmolarity in the diluting kidney?
it also decreases because urea can't be reabsorbed
41
What is the reflex for urination?
micturation reflex
42
3 muscles for micturition reflex
- detrusor - internal urethral sphincter - external urethral sphincter
43
Sympathetic innervation of bladder
hypogastric nerves
44
Parasympathetic innervation of bladder
pelvic splanchnic nerve
45
Somatic innervation of bladder
external sphincter through pudendal nerve
46
2 phases of bladder
- storage phase | - void phase
47
What happens during storage phase?
inhibition of parasympathetic fibers

W/Physiology (31 decks)

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