topic.7.the.senses.powerpoint.7.1.hearing

Question 1

Hearing relies on ____ in the ear that respond to the

Answer 1

sensory hair cells; vibrations of sound waves

Question 2

Vibrations produces____

Answer 2

soundwaves,
Exists as variations of pressure in air aka vibrating air

Question 3

A loud sound will effect what part of the wave?

Answer 3

wave amplitude

Question 4

A bigger amplitude results in a

Answer 4

louder sound

Question 5

The pitch of a sound is related to ___, which is related to the ___ of a wave.

Answer 5

frequency; wavelength

Question 6

higher the frequency, the ___ wavelength

Answer 6

shorter

Question 7

draw the auditory system

Answer 7

-auditory canal-eardrum-malleus-incas-stapes-oval window-round window-cochlea-auditory nerve Eustachian tube at bottom

Question 8

Eardrum:

Answer 8

also called tympanic membrane

Question 9

Malleus:

Answer 9

hammer

Question 10

incus:

Answer 10

anvil

Question 11

stapes:

Answer 11

stirrup (also known as ossicles)

Question 12

Eustachian tube:

Answer 12

leads to the throat. When we swallow, tube opens, air flows in or out of the ear to equalize pressure.

Question 13

cochlea:

Answer 13

a spiraled, hollow, conical chamber of bone

Question 14

Scala vestibuli:

Answer 14

vestibular canal (perilymph: rich in Na+); superior cochlear duct

Question 15

Scala media:

Answer 15

cochlear duct (endolymph: rich in K+)

Question 16

Scala tympani:

Answer 16

tympanic canal (perilymph: rich in Na+); inferior scala media

Question 17

Write in spatial order scala media, scale tympani and scale vestibuli

Answer 17

Vestibular canal
cochlear duct
tympanic duct

Question 18

in the cochlea duct, you can find sterocilia of hair cell in between what two things?

Answer 18

tectorial membrane and basilar membrane

Question 19

basilar membrane

Answer 19

-forms part of the floor of the cochlear duct
-Anchors the sensory hair cells in the Organ of Corti
-Vibrates in response to the vibrations transmitted through the inner
ear

Question 20

Organ of Corti:

Answer 20

region located in the cochlear duct that contains sensory hair cells that detect the sound vibrations transmitted to the inner ear

Question 21

Organ of corti is distributed along the

Answer 21

sensory epithelium, a
cellular layer on the basilar
membrane

Question 22

How are action potentials generated in the cochlea?

Answer 22

1. vibrations from the eardrum pushes through fluid into the inner ear
2. basilar membrane vibrates
   3.bends hair cells against the tectorial membrane
   4.generate action potentials in afferent neurons leading to auditory regions in the brain

Question 23

Afferent neurons=

Answer 23

auditory nerve

Question 24

Auditory nerves will travel to

Answer 24

auditory center in the
temporal lobe of the brain

Question 25

____attaches tip of each stereocilium in a hair bundle to the side of the next longer stereocilium

Answer 25

Tip link (gating spring)

Question 26

In the process of detection of sounds,as stereocilia bend, they open ____

Answer 26

K+ gates ***Bending steriocilia in one direction depolarizes the cell and stimulates neurotransmitter release. Applies/opposite

Question 27

In the basilar membrane, how does

Question 28

Hair cells in the organ of Corti are “tuned” to certain sound frequencies by way of their location in the cochlea due to the ___

Answer 28

degree of stiffness in the basilar membrane

Question 29

orient stiffness in relation to basilar membrane

Answer 29

Basilar membrane is narrow and stiff near the oval window; wider at the outer end of cochlear duct

Question 30

high pitched sounds (which are comprised of high frequency vibrations) vibrate ___

Answer 30

basilar membrane at its narrow, stiff beginning end

Question 31

Low pitched sounds vibrate the basilar membrane near

Answer 31

the wider, and less stiff farther end