Transfusion

Question 1

min Hb level needed for a woman to donate blood?

Answer 1

125g/L

Question 2

min Hb level needed for a man to donate blood

Answer 2

135g/L

Question 3

min weight required to donate blood?

Answer 3

50kg

Question 4

what does agitation of platelets mean?

Answer 4

bag is on a rocker which shakes them all the time so they dont stick together

Question 5

what microbiological testing is done on donated blood?

Answer 5

HIV
hep B/C/E
HTLV
syphilis

Question 6

name blood COMPONENTS

Answer 6

red cells
FFP
platelets
cryoprecipitate

Question 7

what are blood products derived from?

Answer 7

plasma

Question 8

give examples of blood products

Answer 8

anti-D

prothrombin complex concentrate

Question 9

does a blood component or blood product contain material from more than one donor?

Answer 9

blood product

Question 10

what is an antigen?

Answer 10

any substance that can elicit an immune response

Question 11

how do we get our blood group?

Answer 11

blood group antigen genes that we get from parents

Question 12

the ABO system is coded for by what gene?

Answer 12

ABO gene

Question 13

ABO gene is located on what chromosome?

Answer 13

9

Question 14

A and B of the ABO system code for what?

Answer 14

transferases

Question 15

if you’re blood group A, what is expressed on your red cells?

Answer 15

A antigen

Question 16

what genotype do you have to have to be O blood group

Answer 16

OO only

Question 17

least common blood group?

Answer 17

AB

Question 18

what genotypes do you have to have tp be an A or B blood group

Answer 18

AO or AA

BO or BB

Question 19

what do transferases modify?

Answer 19

H substance

Question 20

when an individual lacks A or B antigen what is produced?

Answer 20

antibodies to the other system eg if youre blood group A you’ll make anti-B antibodies

Question 21

do you have antigens on your RBCs if youre blood group O?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

why can O be transfused to anyone?

Answer 22

neither A or B antigen is expressed on those cells so any antibodies against these wont cause harm

Question 23

why cant O patients received blood from other blood groups

Answer 23

O patients still have A and B antibodies in their plasma so they will react to the antigen expressed on the blood they have been given

Question 24

what antigens are present on AB blood

Answer 24

A and B

Question 25

what antigens are present on O blood

Answer 25

none

Question 26

what antibodies are present in the plasma of AB blood

Answer 26

none

Question 27

what antibodies are present in the plasma of O blood

Answer 27

anti-A and anti-B

Question 28

what genotype do you need to have to be rhesus positive? what does this make the inheritance?

Answer 28

DD or Dd | AD

Question 29

what does anti-D antibody cause?

Answer 29

transfusion reactions | haemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 30

resus negative people should avoid what substance?

Answer 30

D antigen (they dont have D antigen)

Question 31

what does agglutination mean?

Answer 31

sticking together | antigen and antibody reaction is present

Question 32

how do you find out the antigens of someones red cells? what does this mean for the patient

Answer 32

test their red cells with anti-A, B, D and see which ones agglutinate the agglutinated antigen is the blood group

Question 33

how do you find out the antibodies in the patients plasma? what does this mean for the patient?

Answer 33

mix the patients plasma with group A and B red cells see which one agglutinates tells you the antibodies present

Question 34

what substance needs to be added to induce agglutination in an antibody screen?

Answer 34

anti-human globulin

Question 35

what does a crossmatch do?

Answer 35

checks donor cells are compatible with patient plasma

Question 36

agglutination of cells in crossmatch means what?

Answer 36

donor cells are INCOMPATIBLE with patient plasma | no agglutination is good

Question 37

indications for blood transfusion?

Answer 37

Hb <70g/L | major bleeding

Question 38

how should you transfuse a patient?

Answer 38

transfuse a single unit WAIT reassess

Question 39

indications for platelet transfusion?

Answer 39

THROMBOCYTOPAENIA bone marrow failure/low platelet counts (<10) bleeding in thrombocytopaenia prophylaxis for surgery/procedure in thrombocytopaenic patients

Question 40

how many units of platelets should be given?

Answer 40

1

Question 41

what is FFP?

Answer 41

a source of clotting factors

Question 42

indications for FFP?

Answer 42

``` COAGULOPATHIES bleeding in pt with a coagulopathy prophylaxis prior to surgery for these pts management of massive haemorrhage trauma ```

Question 43

if the patient has an abnormal coag screen give FFP ASAP T or F

Answer 43

F, only give if theyre bleeding

Question 44

at what location should you label a pre-transfusion sample?

Answer 44

the patient's bedside so you dont forget who they are!

Question 45

how do you confirm the right patient for blood transfusion?

Answer 45

ask name and DOB check wristband check your document