Function of the Lymph Nodes and Spleen

Question 1

where are fetal haematopoietic stem cells made?

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

name primary lymphoid tissues

Answer 2

bone marrow

thymus

Question 3

name secondary lymphoid tissues

Answer 3

lymph nodes
spleen
waldeyers ring (tonsils)
GI tract
BM

Question 4

how are the spleen and lymph nodes similar?

Answer 4

both filter circulatory fluids

both locations of immune cells

Question 5

leakage of lymph into the peritoneal cavity is called…

Answer 5

chylous ascites

Question 6

describe the appearance of chylous ascites

Answer 6

milky

lipid rich fluid

Question 7

how does the lymphatic system ensure direction of flow?

Answer 7

valves

Question 8

what area of the lymph node do afferent lymph channels drain to?

Answer 8

peripheral sinus

Question 9

what is the cisterna chyli?

Answer 9

dilated sac at the lower end of the thoracic duct that drains lymph from the lumbar/instestinal lymphatic systems

Question 10

what are germinal centres?

Answer 10

locations in 2ndary lymphoid organs eg LNs/spleen where B cells mature and proliferate

Question 11

the thoracic duct drains what side mainly? what does it drain?

Answer 11

left
left head/neck/thorax
all lymph below diaphragm

Question 12

what trunks primarily drain lymph from the upper body?

Answer 12

jugular trunk
subclavian trunk
bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 13

where in the lymph node would you find plasma cells?

Answer 13

medullary cords

Question 14

signs of lymphangitis?

Answer 14

red lines extending from an inflamed lesion

Question 15

generalised lymphadenopathy suggests what?

Answer 15

systemic inflammatory process

widespread malignancy

Question 16

right lymphatic duct drains what?

Answer 16

upper right quadrant of the body

right side of the head and neck, the right side of the thorax and the right upper limb

Question 17

where does lymph drain into the venous system?

Answer 17

subclavian veins, via the right and left venous angles

Question 18

what conditions will primarily cause a B cell response?

Answer 18

autoimmune conditions

infections

Question 19

what conditions will primarily cause a T cell response?

Answer 19

drugs

VIRAL infections

Question 20

phagocytes reside where in the lymph node?

Answer 20

internal sinuses

Question 21

what site of the lymph node tends to become inflamed if a tumour drains there?

Answer 21

phagocytic region eg the internal sinuses

Question 22

lymph is a/an __udate

Answer 22

trans

Question 23

location of the spleen

Answer 23

LUQ (v high)

Question 24

blood supply to spleen?

Answer 24

splenic artery and vein

Question 25

splenic vein drains to...

Answer 25

joins with SMV to form portal vein

Question 26

describe the composition of the parenchyma of the spleen

Answer 26

red pulp | white pulp

Question 27

what is contained within the red pulp of the spleen?

Answer 27

sinusoids | cords

Question 28

what lines sinusoids?

Answer 28

endothelial cells

Question 29

what do the cords of the red pulp contain?

Answer 29

macrophages fibroblasts cells in transit eg RBCs/WBCs

Question 30

function of the white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 30

contains lymphoid tissue of the spleen | immune response

Question 31

how is an immune response generated by the white pulp?

Answer 31

antigen reaches white pulp via blood APCs detect and present this to immune cells response activated

Question 32

main composition of the white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 32

periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

Question 33

clinical features of splenomegaly

Answer 33

dragging sensation in LUQ | pain while eating

Question 34

give the triad of features of hypersplenism

Answer 34

1. splenomegaly 2. fall in one or more cellular blood contents 3. correction of cytopenias

Question 35

haematological causes of splenomegaly

Answer 35

lymphoma/leukaemia haemolytic anaemia ITP myeloproliferative disease

Question 36

autoimmune causes of splenomegaly

Answer 36

ITP RA SLE

Question 37

causes of hyposplenism

Answer 37

splenectomy coeliac disease sickle cell sarcoidosis

Question 38

features of reduced red cell pulp function on blood film?

Answer 38

howell jolly bodies | red cell abnormalities