1
Q
appearance of [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
A
dark blue solution
2
Q
appearance of [Cu(H2O)6]2+
A
light blue solution
3
Q
appearance of Cu(OH)2
A
light blue precipitate
4
Q
appearance of Cu2O
A
brick red solid
5
Q
CuI appearance
A
white
6
Q
appearance of [CuCl4]2-
A
yellow/green solution looks green because of unreacted aqueous copper ions
7
Q
how to get from [Cu(H2O)6]2+ to [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
A
excess NH3
8
Q
how to get from [Cu(H2O)6]2+ to Cu(OH)2
A
NH3/NaOH
9
Q
how to get from Cu(OH)2 to [Cu(H2O)6]2+
A
H2O/H+
10
Q
definition of a transition metal
A
elements with an incomplete d-sub shell that can form at least one stable ion with an incomplete d subshell
11
Q
which d block elements are not transition metals
A
scandium and zinc
12
Q
electron configuration of the ion sc forms
A
sc3+ (Ar)3d0
13
Q
electron configuration of the ion zn forms
A
Zn 2+ (Ar)3d10
14
Q
which transition metals have different electronic configuration to what youd expect
A
Cr and Cu
15
Q
4s orbitals are filled before 3d ones but which are lost first
A
4s
16
Q
Cr electron configuration
A
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
17
Q
Cu electron configuration
A
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
18
Q
Cr3+ aqua ion solution with NaOH
A
[Cr(H20)6]3+ violet solution
19
Q
Fe2+ aqua solution
A
[Fe(H20)6]2+ green solution
20
Q
Fe3+ aqua solution
A
[Fe(H20)6]3+ yellow solution
21
Q
Mn2+ aqua ion solution
A
[Mn(H20)6]2+ pale pink solution
22
Q
Cu2+ aqua ion solution
A
[Cu(H20)6]2+ blue solution
22
Q
cr3+ reacting with NaOH/NH3
A
Cr(OH)3(H2O)3 green precipitate
23
Q
Cr3+ with excess NaOH/NH3
A
NaOH [Cr(OH)6]3- green solution
NH3 [Cr(NH3)6]3+ purple solution
24
Fe2+ with NaOH/NH3
Fe(OH)2(H2O)4 green precpitate
25
Fe3+ with NaOH/NH3
Fe(OH)3(H2O)3 brown precipitate
26
Cu2+ with NaOH/NH3
Cu(OH)2(H2O)4 blue precipitate
26
MN2+ with NaOH/NH3
Mn(OH)2(H2O)4 pale brown precipitate
27
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ +2OH-
2H2O + [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4]
27
which ion changes colour/state when adding EXCESS OH- ions
Cr3+
28
which ion changes colour/state when adding EXCESS NH3 ions
Cr3+ and Cu2+
29
Cr3+ with excess NH3
[Cr(NH3)6]3+ purple solution
30
Cu2+ with excess NH3
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
31
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 =
[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] +2NH4+
32
[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4]2+ + 4NH3 =
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ + 2H2O + 2OH-
33
monodentate ligands
can only form one dative covalent/ coordinate bond to the central metal ion
34
4 examples of monodentate ligands
H2O
NH3
CN-
Cl-
35
why can bidentate ligands form 2 dative covalent bonds with the central metal ion
because each ligand contains two atoms with lone pairs of electrons
36
what shape are 4 coordinate complexes with chlorine
tetrahedral
36
what shape are 6 coordinate complexes and what shape are they
octahedral 90
37
which metals form 4 coordinate complexes as square planar shapes
Pt Au Pd
42
what bonding is there within the complex ion [Cu(H2O06]2+
covalent (in water molecule) and dative covalent bond (between water and ligand)
43
why may a reaction not be reversible
large increase in entropy and is irreversible due to effect on Gibbs free energy equation
44
optical isomerism definiton
type of stereoisomerism found in molecules that contain a chiral centre. they are non superimposable mirror images of each other
45
4 properties of transition metal
form complexes
good catalysts
form coloured ions in solutions
variable oxidation states
46
when can Cu2+ be used as a catalyst
reactions between zinc and an acid
47
When can MnO2 be used as a catalyst
decomposition of H2O2
48
pro and con of transition metal catalyst
reduce energy uses
increased risk from toxicity of traction metals
49
enantiomer
optical isomer
50
ligand
molecule/ion with a lone electron pair that can form dative covalent / coordinate bonds with a central metal ion by donating of this electron pair
51
when is an ion colourless
when there are no available electrons to excite, no united/partially filled orbital
52
octahedral bond angle
90
53
what is the cis isomer of ptcl2NH3 used as
cancer therapy drug
54
are dashes at the front or back
dashes at the back
wedges at the front
55
do wedges get bigger or smaller
bigger as they move away from central metal ion
56
cis platin is bad even though it is a cancer therapy drug because.......
it can cause side effects like hairless. It needs to be administered in small amounts
57
central metal ion in Haem
Fe2+
58
what type of ring does Haem have
tetradentate porphyrin ring
59
what structure/ bond angle does Haem have
octahedral 90
60
what kind of reaction occurs when CO replaces O2 bound to Haem
ligand substation reaction
61
chelate effect
positive entropy change is more favourable as a more stable complex is formed. Great entropy=more negative free energy change and more favourable the reaction
62
enthalpy change for ligand substitution reactions
very small, near to zero
63
what colour is (Cr2O7)2-
orange solution
64
how do you change (Cr2O7)2- to [Cr(H2O)5SO4]+
you need to add Zn
65
what colour is [Cr(H2O)6]2+
blue solution ( at zinc to [Cr(H2O)5SO4]+) do not confuse with the 3+ charge one which is a violet solution
66
what colour is CrO4 2-
yellow solution
67
how to get CrO4 2- from [Cr(H2O)5SO4]+
add H2O2/OH-
68
what colour is [Fe(H2O)6]2+
very pale green solution
69
what colour is MnO4
purple solution
70
How to get from [Fe(H2O)6]3+ to [Fe(H2O)6]2+ and colour change and what oxidises it back
yellow to pale green solution
Add I-
MnO4- oxidieses it back but the colour change is purple to pale pink colour of the Mn ions
71
why do some elements like Al only form compounds in which its oxidation number is 3+ but there's form compounds with a v variety of oxidation numbers
there are several removable d electrons of similar energies
72
what is the principal electrons follow which mean they occupy the lowest energy subshells first
Aufbau principle
73
3d5 4s1 and 3d10 4s1 are used for Cr and Cu because
they are more energetically stable
74
4 general properties of transition metals
variable oxidation states
form complex ions
form coloured compounds
behave as catalysts
75
transition metals are good catalysts because
they change to various oxidation states by gaining/losing electrons. Substances can be absorbed onto their surface and activated in the process
76
where does the reaction occur when a heterogenous catalyst is involved
at active sites on the surface of the catalyst
77
Pt Pd Au central metal ions and CN- ligands form which shape of complex
square planar
78
in a tetrahedral shape where do the dash and wedge go
next to each other
79
what is cis-platin used for
treating cancer by binding to nitrogen atoms on DNA bases, Cl- replaced by water molecules preventing DNA from replicating
BUT other cells that replicate quickly like hair follicles are affected
80
[Co(H2O)6]2+ colour
pinks solution
81
Co(OH)2(H2O)6 colour
blue precipitate
82
potassium manganate has which ion
MnO4-
83
what colour does potassium manganate turn when Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+
purple to colourless
84
colour change when Cr3+ is oxidised to CrO4- using H2O2 and OH-
dark green to yellow
85
colour change when CrO4- is oxidised to Cr2O7 2-
yellow to orange
86
oxidising agent used to convert Fe2+ to Fe 3+
KMnO4
chemistry
flashcards
Decks in class (16)
# Cards
-
foundations in chemistry28
-
equations3
-
quantitative chemistry5
-
Bonding and structure15
-
organic 142
-
module 332
-
alcohols and haloalkanes38
-
module 429
-
organic Chemical y138
-
aromatics and that18
-
Synthesis Reagents And Conditions24
-
Amines And Amides11
-
solubility rules17
-
transition metals86
-
Tests For Ions5
-
Cells14
