U3 LEC: BACTERIAL MORPHOLOGY AND GENETICS Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
Size of bacteria
A
0.4 to 2um
2
Q
Bacteria free water
A
less than 0.4 or 0.5
3
Q
T/F: Not all cocci are round.
A
True
4
Q
Strep
A
chains
5
Q
Staph
A
clusters
6
Q
Diplo
A
cocci in pairs
7
Q
Bean / kidney / coffee bean shaped
A
Gram (-) diplococci
- Neisseria gonorrheae
- Neisseria meningitidis
8
Q
Lancet shaped
A
Gram (+) diplococci
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
9
Q
Bacilli
chains, picket fences, cigar packet
A
Palisades
10
Q
Bacilli
Squared off ends
A
Gram (+) bacteria
- Bacillus anthracis
11
Q
Bacilli
Thin or short
A
Vibrio
12
Q
Bacilli
Slightly curved
A
Campylobacter jejuni
13
Q
Bacilli
Robust
A
Gram (+) bacilli
14
Q
Inverted christmas tree
A
Listeria monocytogenes
15
Q
Chinese letters
A
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
16
Q
School of fishes
A
Haemophilus ducreyi
17
Q
Fried egg appearance
A
Mycoplasma
18
Q
Railroad tracks
A
Haemophilus sp.
19
Q
Bacteria that causes orchitis
A
Brucella abortus
20
Q
Medically relevant spirochetes
A
- Leptospira interrogans
- Treponema pallidum
- Borrelia burgdorferi
21
Q
Corkscrew form
A
Borrelia burgdorferi
22
Q
Genetic potential of the organism’s DNA
A
Genotype
23
Q
Expressed genetic characteristics
A
Phenotype
24
Q
Prokaryotic transcription and translation occurs in the?
A
cytoplasm
25
Single dsDNA, closed, circular, supercoiled bacterial chromosome
Bacterial Genome
26
Extrachromosomal dsDNA, not essential for growth
Plasmids
27
Plasmids are significant in?
antibiotic resistance
28
Mobile Genetic Elements
- Transposons
- Insertion Sequence Element
29
This is mobile, can jump from one place in chromosome to another
Transposons
30
Transposons are significant in?
antibiotic resistance
31
This is the simplest mobile piece of DNA, causes disruption and inactivation of gene.
Insertion Sequence Element
32
Gene transfer/exchange between homologous regions on 2 DNA molecules.
Genetic Recombination
33
take up of naked DNA into bacterial cell
Transformation
34
Bacteria under Transformation
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Haemophilus influenzae
35
transfer of genes by a bacteriophage
Transduction
36
Bacteria under Transduction
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
37
Refers to the phage in lysogeny
Temperate
38
transfer of genetic material from a donor to a recipient strain
Conjugation (Sex Pili / Conjugation Pili)
39
changes in the base sequence of DNA, insertions and deletions
Mutations
40
This is due to tautomeric shift of electrons in bases.
Spontaneous
41
This is due to mutagens.
Induced
42
2 Basic Groups of Bacteria
- Autotroph (Lithotrophs)
- Heterotroph
43
Bacteria that use carbon dioxide as source of carbon
Autotroph (Litotrophs)
44
Bacteria that require complex substances for growth
Heterotroph
45
Photoautotroph
Light, CO2
46
Photoheterotroph
Light, Organic Compounds
47
Chemoautotroph
Organic compound, CO2
48
Chemoheterotroph
Organic compounds
49
Growth requirements (Nutrients)
1. Carbon source
2. Nitrogen source
3. Energy source
4. Metallic Elements
5. Organic substances
6. High osmotic pressure
50
Growth requirements (Nutrients)
Synthesis of cell components
Carbon source
51
Growth requirements (Nutrients)
protein synthesis
Nitrogen source
52
Growth requirements (Nutrients)
for enzyme activation
Metallic Elements
53
Growth requirements (Nutrients)
under Metallic Elements
Mg, K, Fe, Cl, Na, Ca
54
Growth requirements (Nutrients)
Examples of organic substances
Amino acids
55
Growth requirements (Nutrients)
Example of osmophilic bacteria
Archaebacteria
56
Additional requirements for Fastidious organisms
- Blood
- Protein
- Salt
- Cysteine
57
Blood
X and V factors
Hemin and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
58
Blood is for what species?
Haemophilus spp.
59
Protein is used for what species?
Mycobacterium
60
Traditional carbon source of Mycobacterium species
potato starch and soy medium agar
61
Protein can be in the form of?
bovine albumin
62
How are proteins sterilized?
through <0.5 - <0.4 small pore size filters
63
Halophilic bacteria
Vibrio
64
This bacteria is positive in 5% NaCl.
Enterococcus
65
This bacteria needs cysteine to grow.
Legionella pneumophila
66
Medium with Cysteine for Legionella
Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract (BCYE)
67
Agar that only has X factor
Blood Agar Plate
68
T/F: BAP has V factors but only manifested if organism is hemolytic.
True
69
Hemolyzed blood agar, has both X and V factors.
Chocolate Agar
70
CAP is placed in?
candle jar
71
Agar for aerobic conditions, gram (-) organisms, has crystal violet
MacConkey Agar
72
has 7.5% NaCl, for Staphylococcus sp.
Mannitol Salt Agar
73
has 4% NaCl
Mueller Hinton Agar
74
Environmental Factors
- Temperature
- pH
- Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide availability
- Moisture
75
pH range
6.5 to 7.5
76
Exceptions for pH
- Lactobacillus acidophilus
- Vibrio cholerae
- Streptococcus agalactiae
- Escherichia coli
77
20-40C
Mesophilic
78
Only bacteria that grows beyond 40C (42C)
Pseudomonas aerigunosa
79
50-60C
Thermophilic
80
<20C, food and water
Psychrophilic
81
Bacteria under Psychrophilic
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Listeria monocytogenes (dairy)
82
Short optimum temperature range
Stenothermophilic
83
Wide temperature range
Eurithermophilic
84
Gaseous requirements
- Strict/Obligate Aerobe
- Strict Obligate Anaerobe
- Facultative Anaerobe
- Aerotolerant
- Microaerophilic
- Capnophilic
85
How to tell if it is anaerobic
1. deep seated infection
2. very foul-smelling (sulfur)
3. blackening in the area
4. sandy granules
86
Bacteria under Capnophilic
- Neisseria
- HAECK (Haemophilus, Actinobacteria, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)
- Bacillus anthracis
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
87
Major constituent of both agar & broth media
Water
88
Solid media
1-2%
89
Semi-solid media
0.5% (SIM, MIO)
90
Broth media
<0.5%
91
Bacterial numbers increase through?
Binary fission
92
Bacterial Growth
20 minutes
Escherichia coli
93
Bacterial Growth
24 hours
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
94
Growth rate is in terms of?
generation per hour
95
Other term for Petroff Hausser Counting Chamber
Neubauer Counting Chamber
96
Oxygen stable, active
Surface Hemolysis
97
Oxygen labile, sensitive, hemolysin cannot be exposed
Subsurface Hemolysis
98
T/F: The use of pure cultures must be observed in the pour plate and spread plate methods.
True
