U4 LEC: ANTIMICROBIALS

Question 1

Substances that inhibit, kill or destroy microorganisms

Answer 1

Antimicrobial agents

Question 2

Sources of AMTs

Answer 2

Microorganisms, Chemically synthesized

Question 3

AMTs include:

Answer 3

• Antibiotics
• Antibacterial Agent
• Antiviral
• Anti fungal
• Anti parasitic

Question 4

Limited spectrum of action

Answer 4

Narrow Spectrum

Question 5

AMTs under Narrow Spectrum

Answer 5

• Penicillin G
• Bacitracin
• Clindamycin
• Erythromycin
• Polymyxin B
• Vancomycin

Question 6

Wide spectrum of action

Answer 6

Broad Spectrum

Question 7

Broad Spectrum has action against?

Answer 7

Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria

Question 8

AMTs under Broad Spectrum

Answer 8

• Tetracycline
• Ampicillin
• Cephalosporins

Question 9

Disadvantage of Broad Spectrum

Answer 9

Destruction/Inhibition of normal flora leading to superinfections

Question 10

AMTs according to action

Answer 10

• Bacteriocidal
• Bacteriostatic

Question 11

Agents that kill or destroy the microorganism, used in life threatening infections and in infections in immunosuppressed patients

Answer 11

Bacteriocidal Agents

Question 12

AMTs under Bacteriocidal Agents

Answer 12

• Aminoglycosides
• B-lactams
• Vancomycin
• Daptomycin
• Teicoplanin
• Televancin
• Quinolones
• Rifampin
• Metronidazole

Question 13

These agents inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Answer 13

Bacteriostatic

Question 14

AMTs under Bacteriostatic agents

Answer 14

• Chloramphenicol
• Erythromycin and other macrolides
• Clindamycin
• Sulfonamides
• Trimethoprim
• Tetracyclines
• Tigecycline
• Linezolid
• Quinupristin/daifopristin

Question 15

MOA of Beta Lactams

Answer 15

Inibition of enzymes needed for peptidoglycan formation

Question 16

Penicillins are derived from?

Answer 16

Penicillium notatum

Question 17

Penicillins derived from Penicillium notatum

Answer 17

• Pen G
• Pen V

Question 18

Aminopenicillins

Answer 18

• Ampicillin
• Amoxicillin

Question 19

Penicillinase Resistant Penicllins

Answer 19

• Methicillin
• Oxacillin
• Nafcillin

Question 20

Extended Spectrum Penicllin

Answer 20

• Aminopenicillins
• Carboxypenicillin (Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin)
• Acycalmminopenicillins
• Ureidopenicillins

Question 21

Penicillin co-drugs

Answer 21

• Augmentin
• PipTaz
• Ampicillin/Sulbactam

Question 22

Source of Cephalosphorins

Answer 22

Acremonium

Question 23

These are structurally similar to Penicillin but better able to withstand B-lactamase and more modifiable

Answer 23

Beta Lactam Drugs

Question 24

Original Cephalosphorin

Answer 24

Cephalosporin C

Question 25

Cephalosphorin C is modified to?

Answer 25

Aminocephalosporanic acid

Question 26

T/F: Aminocephalosporanic acid is further modified into 1st up to 5th generation Cephalosphorins.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Cephalosporins

Answer 27

- Cefaclor - Cefazolin

Question 28

1st Gen Cephalosporins (Narrow)

Answer 28

- Cefoprozil - Cefuroxime

Question 29

2nd Gen Cephalosporins (Expanded)

Answer 29

- Cefixime - Cefotaxime

Question 30

3rd Gen Cephalosporins (Broad)

Answer 30

- Ceftazidime

Question 31

4th Gen Cephalosporins (Extendedn)

Answer 31

- Cefepime

Question 32

5th Gen Cephalosporins

Answer 32

- Ceftaroline - Ceftobiprole

Question 33

Cephalosporin-beta-lactamase inhibitor combination

Answer 33

- Ceftolozane and Tazobactam - Ceftazidime and Avibactam

Question 34

Monobactams (Narrow)

Answer 34

- Aztreonam

Question 35

Broad spectrum, similar to 3rd gen cephalosporins

Answer 35

Carbapenems

Question 36

Carbapenems have a slightly greater activity against?

Answer 36

- Enterics - Pseudomonas - Anaerobes

Question 37

Carbapenems are not effective against?

Answer 37

- MRSA - VRE

Question 38

Carbapenems

Answer 38

- Imipenem - Meropenem - Doripenem - Ertapenem

Question 39

MOA of Glycopeptides

Answer 39

Binds to terminal D-Ala-D-Ala of the pentapeptidyl-glycosyl peptidoglycan intermediates

Question 40

Activity of Glycopeptides is limited to?

Answer 40

Gram (+) only

Question 41

Glycopeptides

Answer 41

- Vancomycin - Dalbavancin - Teicoplamin

Question 42

MOA of Cycloserine

Answer 42

Inhibit synthesis of the peptidoglycan precursors in the cytoplasm

Question 43

Cycloserine is considered as a 2nd line drug for?

Answer 43

TB