Uni Week 1 Quiz Flashcards
(15 cards)
Which structures comprise the renal hilum?
The renal hilum is the concave medial border of the kidney where structures such as the renal artery/ renal vein/ and renal pelvis enter and exit the kidney. [cite: 15]
What are the primary functions of the kidneys?
The primary functions of the kidneys include filtration/ reabsorption/ secretion/ and excretion. [cite: 61]
Name the three stages of kidney formation during embryonic development.
The three stages of kidney formation during embryonic development are pronephros/ mesonephros/ and metanephros. [cite: 32]
What are the components of the renal corpuscle?
The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus/ a tuft of capillaries/ and Bowman’s capsule (or glomerular capsule)/ which surrounds the glomerulus. [cite: 22]
Where are the kidneys located relative to the vertebral column and peritoneum?
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs/ typically located on either side of the vertebral column/ extending from approximately the T12 to L3 vertebrae. They are positioned posterior to the peritoneum. [cite: 8]
What are the endocrine functions of the kidneys?
The endocrine functions of the kidneys include the production and secretion of renin/ erythropoietin/ and calcitriol. [cite: 62]
How does the position of the kidneys change with respiration?
The kidneys are mobile organs and can shift their position with respiration/ descending with inspiration. [cite: 9]
What is the purpose of the urorectal septum?
The urorectal septum is a mesodermal ridge that divides the cloaca into an anterior urogenital sinus and a posterior anorectal canal. [cite: 38]
What is the difference between a cortical nephron and a juxtamedullary nephron?
Cortical nephrons have short loops of Henle that primarily remain in the renal cortex/ while juxtamedullary nephrons have long loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla. [cite: 23]
What is multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK)?
Multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) is a congenital condition where the kidney is replaced by multiple non-communicating cysts/ and there is little to no normal renal tissue. [cite: 46]
How does the arterial blood supply of the kidneys work?
The kidneys receive their arterial blood supply primarily from the renal arteries/ which originate directly from the abdominal aorta. Within the kidney/ the renal artery typically divides into segmental arteries/ which then branch into interlobar arteries/ arcuate arteries/ and interlobular arteries/ supplying blood to the renal cortex and medulla. [cite: 11]
Describe the path of urine drainage by the kidney.
Urine drains from the kidney via the minor and major calyces/ which then lead to the renal pelvis. [cite: 18/ 19]
What is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and its etiology?
Autosomal dominant PKD is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the PKD1 or PKD2 genes/ leading to the development of numerous cysts in the kidneys. [cite: 44]
What is renal agenesis?
Renal agenesis is the complete absence of one or both kidneys. [cite: 56]
How do the kidneys contribute to acid-base homeostasis?
The kidneys contribute to acid-base homeostasis by excreting hydrogen ions and reabsorbing bicarbonate ions. [cite: 63]
